Software that tries to build up a view of the world by asking questions and using the answers to navigate a tree of knowledge. I think... 'Nother way to think about it: a programming style that emphasizes a "knowledge base" and "inference engine" which acts on that base. Forward and backward (inferential) chaining are typical components. [CLIPS] is an open-source expert-system development environment in widespread use. [[ [Arjen Markus] is working on a [Tcl]-coded ES in 2003.]]