These are the support routines for Canvas Buttons in 3-D. These routines can also be used to make other things. The corners and sides are all separate, so one could build anything rectangular and 3-D on a canvas. A combobox would be interesting. Here's a link to the Canvas Buttons in 3-D, that use these routines. [Canvas Buttons in 3-D] ---- proc CreateTopLeftCorner {theCanvas x y height args} { global tlcorner set id [$theCanvas create rectangle 0 0 1 1] set tlcorner($id,theCanvas) $theCanvas set tlcorner($id,adjustedHeight) [expr round(0.707 * $height)] # I'd rather deal with integers. set tlcorner($id,x) $x set tlcorner($id,y) $y set tlcorner($id,color) white set tags "" set state normal foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -color { set tlcorner($id,color) $value # No checking at present that color value is valid. } -tag - -tags { set tags $value } -state { switch -- $value { normal { set state normal } hidden { set state hidden } default { tk_messageBox -message "CreateTopLeftCorner: \ Unrecognized state value: $value" -type ok } } } default { tk_messageBox -message "CreateTopLeftCorner: Unrecognized\ option: $option" -type ok } } } set ah $tlcorner($id,adjustedHeight) set ax [expr $x + $ah] ;# Altered x. set ay [expr $y + $ah] ;# Altered y. $theCanvas coords $id $x $y $ax $ay set c $tlcorner($id,color) $theCanvas itemconfig $id -fill $c -outline $c -tags $tags -state $state # Both the fill and the outline need to be set, for rectangle # to match polygon. return $id # Hopefully, the caller won't keep the id long, but will assign # a tag to the assemblage. } # Since I don't want to make a separate routine to set the state for each # piece, and I don't want the rectangle to have to directly twiddle variables # belonging to a piece, I don't make the state of the canvas item, hidden or # normal, part of the state of the piece. proc CreateLeftSide {theCanvas x ty by height args} { global lside set id [$theCanvas create rectangle 0 0 1 1] set lside($id,theCanvas) $theCanvas set lside($id,adjustedHeight) [expr round(0.707 * $height)] set lside($id,x) $x set lside($id,ty) $ty set lside($id,by) $by set lside($id,color) white set tags "" set state normal foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -color {set lside($id,color) $value} -tag - -tags {set tags $value} -state { switch -- $value { normal {set state normal} hidden {set state hidden} default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateLeftSide: \ Unrecognized state value: $value" -type ok} } } default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateLeftSide: \ Unrecognized option: $option" -type ok} } } set ah $lside($id,adjustedHeight) set ax [expr $x + $ah] set aty [expr $ty + $ah] set aby [expr $by - $ah] $theCanvas coords $id $x $aty $ax $aby set c $lside($id,color) $theCanvas itemconfig $id -fill $c -outline $c -tags $tags -state $state return $id } proc CreateBottomLeftCorner {theCanvas x y height args} { global blcorner set id [$theCanvas create polygon 0 0 1 0 1 1] set blcorner($id,theCanvas) $theCanvas set blcorner($id,adjustedHeight) [expr round(0.707 * $height)] set blcorner($id,x) $x set blcorner($id,y) $y set blcorner($id,color) white set tags "" set state normal foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -color {set blcorner($id,color) $value} -tag - -tags {set tags $value} -state { switch -- $value { normal {set state normal} hidden {set state hidden} default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateBottomLeftCorner: \ Unrecognized state value: $value" -type ok} } } default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateBottomLeftCorner: \ Unrecognized option: $option" -type ok} } } set ah $blcorner($id,adjustedHeight) set ax [expr $x + $ah] set by [expr $y + $ah] set ty [expr $y - $ah] $theCanvas coords $id $x $y $ax $by $ax $ty $x $ty set c $blcorner($id,color) $theCanvas itemconfig $id -fill $c -outline $c -tags $tags -state $state return $id } # We let the corner manage the territory a little way up the side, # so if we ever decide to allow the customer to change the perspective # so that he is to the left and below the button, instead of to the left # and above, we can. # # This seems as good a place as any to mention that if the height of the # button or whatever gets to be an appreciable fraction of the width and # breadth of the button, these routines will fail. proc CreateTopSide {theCanvas lx rx y height args} { global tside set id [$theCanvas create rectangle 0 0 1 1] set tside($id,theCanvas) $theCanvas set tside($id,adjustedHeight) [expr round(0.707 * $height)] set tside($id,lx) $lx set tside($id,rx) $rx set tside($id,y) $y set tside($id,color) white set tags "" set state normal foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -color {set tside($id,color) $value} -tag - -tags {set tags $value} -state { switch -- $value { normal {set state normal} hidden {set state hidden} default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateTopSide: \ Unrecognized state value: $value" -type ok} } } default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateTopSide: \ Unrecognized option: $option" -type ok} } } set ah $tside($id,adjustedHeight) set alx [expr $lx + $ah] set arx [expr $rx - $ah] set ay [expr $y + $ah] $theCanvas coords $id $alx $y $arx $ay set c $tside($id,color) $theCanvas itemconfig $id -fill $c -outline $c -tags $tags -state $state return $id } proc CreateTopRightCorner {theCanvas x y height args} { global trcorner set id [$theCanvas create polygon 0 0 1 0 1 1] set trcorner($id,theCanvas) $theCanvas set trcorner($id,adjustedHeight) [expr round(0.707 * $height)] set trcorner($id,x) $x set trcorner($id,y) $y set trcorner($id,color) white set tags "" set state normal foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -color {set trcorner($id,color) $value} -tag - -tags {set tags $value} -state { switch -- $value { normal {set state normal} hidden {set state hidden} default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateTopRightCorner: \ Unrecognized state value: $value" -type ok} } } default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateTopRightCorner: \ Unrecognized option: $option" -type ok} } } set ah $trcorner($id,adjustedHeight) set arx [expr $x + $ah] set alx [expr $x - $ah] set ay [expr $y + $ah] $theCanvas coords $id $x $y $alx $y $alx $ay $arx $ay set c $trcorner($id,color) $theCanvas itemconfig $id -fill $c -outline $c -tags $tags -state $state return $id } proc CreateBottomSide {theCanvas lx rx y height args} { global bside set id [$theCanvas create rectangle 0 0 1 1] set bside($id,theCanvas) $theCanvas set bside($id,adjustedHeight) [expr round(0.707 * $height)] set bside($id,lx) $lx set bside($id,rx) $rx set bside($id,y) $y set bside($id,color) white set tags "" set state normal foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -color {set bside($id,color) $value} -tag - -tags {set tags $value} -state { switch -- $value { normal {set state normal} hidden {set state hidden} default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateBottomSide: \ Unrecognized state value: $value" -type ok} } } default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateBottomSide: \ Unrecognized option: $option" -type ok} } } set ah $bside($id,adjustedHeight) set arx [expr $rx - $ah] set ay [expr $y - $ah] $theCanvas coords $id $lx $y $arx $ay set c $bside($id,color) $theCanvas itemconfig $id -fill $c -outline $c -tags $tags -state $state return $id } # Logically, the corner owns the territory out an adjustedHeight distance # from the vertex. But I can't bring myself to make a separate little # corner when it won't be visible. So I extend this side, and the right # side, all the way to the vertex. proc CreateBottomRightCorner {theCanvas x y height args} { global brcorner set id [$theCanvas create rectangle 0 0 1 1] set brcorner($id,theCanvas) $theCanvas set brcorner($id,adjustedHeight) [expr round(0.707 * $height)] set brcorner($id,x) $x set brcorner($id,y) $y set brcorner($id,color) white set tags "" set state normal foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -color {set brcorner($id,color) $value} -tag - -tags {set tags $value} -state { switch -- $value { normal {set state normal} hidden {set state hidden} default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateBottomRightCorner: \ Unrecognized state value: $value" -type ok} } } default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateBottomRightCorner: \ Unrecognized option: $option" -type ok} } } set ah $brcorner($id,adjustedHeight) set ax [expr $x - $ah] set ay [expr $y - $ah] $theCanvas coords $id $x $y $ax $ay set c $brcorner($id,color) $theCanvas itemconfig $id -fill $c -outline $c -tags $tags -state $state return $id } proc CreateRightSide {theCanvas x ty by height args} { global rside set id [$theCanvas create rectangle 0 0 1 1] set rside($id,theCanvas) $theCanvas set rside($id,adjustedHeight) [expr round(0.707 * $height)] set rside($id,x) $x set rside($id,ty) $ty set rside($id,by) $by set rside($id,color) white set tags "" set state normal foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -color {set rside($id,color) $value} -tag - -tags {set tags $value} -state { switch -- $value { normal {set state normal} hidden {set state hidden} default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateRightSide: \ Unrecognized state value: $value" -type ok} } } default {tk_messageBox -message "CreateRightSide: \ Unrecognized option: $option" -type ok} } } set ah $rside($id,adjustedHeight) set ax [expr $x - $ah] set aby [expr $by - $ah] $theCanvas coords $id $x $aby $ax $ty set c $rside($id,color) $theCanvas itemconfig $id -fill $c -outline $c -tags $tags -state $state return $id } proc DestroyTopLeftCorner id { global tlcorner # I thought about converting from a tag to an id, if the value passed # is not numeric, but how are you going to get the canvas name? $tlcorner($id,theCanvas) delete $id unset tlcorner($id,theCanvas) unset tlcorner($id,adjustedHeight) unset tlcorner($id,x) unset tlcorner($id,y) unset tlcorner($id,color) } # Rather than have a procedure "ShowTopLeftCorner" and one "HideTopLeftCorner" # I think I'll have the orchestrator configure state using a tag that refers # to all the parts. proc DestroyLeftSide id { global lside $lside($id,theCanvas) delete $id unset lside($id,theCanvas) unset lside($id,adjustedHeight) unset lside($id,x) unset lside($id,ty) unset lside($id,by) unset lside($id,color) } proc DestroyBottomLeftCorner id { global blcorner $blcorner($id,theCanvas) delete $id unset blcorner($id,theCanvas) unset blcorner($id,adjustedHeight) unset blcorner($id,x) unset blcorner($id,y) unset blcorner($id,color) } proc DestroyTopSide id { global tside $tside($id,theCanvas) delete $id unset tside($id,theCanvas) unset tside($id,adjustedHeight) unset tside($id,lx) unset tside($id,rx) unset tside($id,y) unset tside($id,color) } proc DestroyTopRightCorner id { global trcorner $trcorner($id,theCanvas) delete $id unset trcorner($id,theCanvas) unset trcorner($id,adjustedHeight) unset trcorner($id,x) unset trcorner($id,y) unset trcorner($id,color) } proc DestroyBottomSide id { global bside $bside($id,theCanvas) delete $id unset bside($id,theCanvas) unset bside($id,adjustedHeight) unset bside($id,lx) unset bside($id,rx) unset bside($id,y) unset bside($id,color) } proc DestroyBottomRightCorner id { global brcorner $brcorner($id,theCanvas) delete $id unset brcorner($id,theCanvas) unset brcorner($id,adjustedHeight) unset brcorner($id,x) unset brcorner($id,y) unset brcorner($id,color) } proc DestroyRightSide id { global rside $rside($id,theCanvas) delete $id unset rside($id,theCanvas) unset rside($id,adjustedHeight) unset rside($id,x) unset rside($id,ty) unset rside($id,by) unset rside($id,color) } # --------------------- Above are the pieces of a rectangle ------------------- # to be assembled in different ways. # Some options that might be confusing are: # # dx, dy - If you have something written on the surface of your box # (for example if the box is a button and the top of it says "Quit") # as the box is raised and recessed, the text or image should be moved # with a canvas move command. Dx and dy tell you how much to move your # image over. They are relative to if you had written your image directly # in the surface, without being raised above it or lowered below it. # The names of the variables where you would like the values placed are # passed using these options. proc Create3DBox {theCanvas lx ty rx by height args} { global box3d set id [$theCanvas create rectangle 0 0 1 1] set box3d($id,theCanvas) $theCanvas set box3d($id,adjustedHeight) [expr round(0.707 * $height)] set box3d($id,lx) $lx set box3d($id,ty) $ty set box3d($id,rx) $rx set box3d($id,by) $by set box3d($id,outSideColor) white set box3d($id,inSideColor) white set box3d($id,topFillColor) gray set box3d($id,topOutlineColor) black set box3d($id,relief) raised set dxname "" set dyname "" set tags "" foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -outsidecolor { set box3d($id,outSideColor) $value # No checking that color value is valid. } -insidecolor { set box3d($id,inSideColor) $value } -topfillcolor { set box3d($id,topFillColor) $value } -topoutlinecolor { set box3d($id,topOutlineColor) $value } -relief { switch -- $value { raised { set box3d($id,relief) raised } sunken - recessed { set box3d($id,relief) recessed # Tk users are likely to say sunken. } flat { set box3d($id,relief) flat } default { tk_messageBox -message "Create3DBox: \ Unrecognized relief value: $value" -type ok } } } -dx { set dxname $value } -dy { set dyname $value } -tag - -tags { set tags $value } default { tk_messageBox -message "Create3DBox: Unrecognized\ option: $option" -type ok } } } set osc $box3d($id,outSideColor) set isc $box3d($id,inSideColor) set tfc $box3d($id,topFillColor) set toc $box3d($id,topOutlineColor) lappend tags box3d$id set box3d($id,blcid) [CreateBottomLeftCorner $theCanvas $lx $by \ $height -color $osc -tags $tags] set box3d($id,lsid) [CreateLeftSide $theCanvas $lx $ty $by $height \ -color $osc -tags $tags] set box3d($id,tlcid) [CreateTopLeftCorner $theCanvas $lx $ty $height \ -color $osc -tags $tags] set box3d($id,tsid) [CreateTopSide $theCanvas $lx $rx $ty $height \ -color $osc -tags $tags] set box3d($id,trcid) [CreateTopRightCorner $theCanvas $rx $ty $height \ -color $osc -tags $tags] set box3d($id,bsid) [CreateBottomSide $theCanvas $lx $rx $by $height \ -color $isc -tags $tags] set box3d($id,brcid) [CreateBottomRightCorner $theCanvas $rx $by \ $height -color $isc -tags $tags] set box3d($id,rsid) [CreateRightSide $theCanvas $rx $ty $by $height \ -color $isc -tags $tags] $theCanvas itemconfig $id -outline $toc -fill $tfc -tags $tags Draw3DBox $id localdx localdy if {$dxname != ""} { upvar $dxname dx set dx $localdx } if {$dyname != ""} { upvar $dyname dy set dy $localdy } return $id } # First we set tags to an empty string, then set it with any list of tags, # then appended our required tag. Thus we kept it a one level list. # # Typically, Create3DBox will be called with only one tag, but it it becomes # part of a larger assemblage later, this may be useful. proc Destroy3DBox id { global box3d DestroyBottomLeftCorner $box3d($id,blcid) DestroyLeftSide $box3d($id,lsid) DestroyTopLeftCorner $box3d($id,tlcid) DestroyTopSide $box3d($id,tsid) DestroyTopRightCorner $box3d($id,trcid) DestroyRightSide $box3d($id,rsid) DestroyBottomRightCorner $box3d($id,brcid) DestroyBottomSide $box3d($id,bsid) $box3d($id,theCanvas) delete $id unset box3d($id,theCanvas) unset box3d($id,adjustedHeight) unset box3d($id,lx) unset box3d($id,ty) unset box3d($id,rx) unset box3d($id,by) unset box3d($id,outSideColor) unset box3d($id,inSideColor) unset box3d($id,topFillColor) unset box3d($id,topOutlineColor) unset box3d($id,relief) unset box3d($id,blcid) unset box3d($id,lsid) unset box3d($id,tlcid) unset box3d($id,tsid) unset box3d($id,trcid) unset box3d($id,rsid) unset box3d($id,brcid) unset box3d($id,bsid) } # Seems best to always have all the parts of a rectangle exists, if the # rectangle exists. Some of the parts may have the state "hidden". # Otherwise, we have to create and delete things when the button pops up, # or create things only when they are first called for, and keep track # of whether the piece exists yet. # # I'll put this here arbitrarily. It seems unfortunate to calculate the # adjusted height from the passed height of the rectangle in multiple # different places. What if one calculates it slightly differently? # Also, it seems silly to put the same code to handle an option like # -state in each routine. If I were using something like XOTcl, I would # handle the options the specialized object knows about, and then finish # my routine in the parent object with the next command. proc Draw3DBox {id dxname dyname} { global box3d set c $box3d($id,theCanvas) set lx $box3d($id,lx) set ty $box3d($id,ty) set rx $box3d($id,rx) set by $box3d($id,by) set ah $box3d($id,adjustedHeight) set osc $box3d($id,outSideColor) set isc $box3d($id,inSideColor) set tfc $box3d($id,topFillColor) set toc $box3d($id,topOutlineColor) set r $box3d($id,relief) upvar $dxname dx upvar $dyname dy if {$r == "raised"} { set ulstate normal set lrstate hidden } elseif {$r == "recessed"} { set ulstate hidden set lrstate normal } else { ;# Flat set ulstate hidden set lrstate hidden } $c itemconfig $box3d($id,blcid) -state $ulstate $c itemconfig $box3d($id,lsid) -state $ulstate $c itemconfig $box3d($id,tlcid) -state $ulstate $c itemconfig $box3d($id,tsid) -state $ulstate $c itemconfig $box3d($id,trcid) -state $ulstate $c itemconfig $box3d($id,rsid) -state $lrstate $c itemconfig $box3d($id,brcid) -state $lrstate $c itemconfig $box3d($id,bsid) -state $lrstate if {$r == "raised"} { $c coords $id [expr $lx + $ah] [expr $ty + $ah] [expr $rx + $ah] \ [expr $by + $ah] $c lower $id box3d$id # Probably could just lower below everything, but if sometime in # the future the 3d box is part of a more complicated assemblage, # it will be good to stay with my group. # # Lowered so that outline will only be visible where top meets # background, not where it meets sides. set dx $ah set dy $ah } elseif {$r == "recessed"} { $c coords $id $lx $ty [expr $rx - $ah] [expr $by - $ah] $c lower $id box3d$id set dx -$ah set dy -$ah } else { ;# Flat $c coords $id $lx $ty $rx $by set dx 0 set dy 0 } } proc Set3DBoxRelief {id relief args} { global box3d if {![info exists box3d($id,theCanvas)]} { tk_messageBox -message "Set3DBoxRelief: no such id: $id" -type ok } # I'm not going to check that the relief value is legal each time. # The user may be waiting for his button to go down. if {$relief == "sunken"} {set relief recessed} if {$box3d($id,relief) == $relief} { set ah $box3d($id,adjustedHeight) if {$relief == "raised"} { set localdx $ah set localdy $ah } elseif {$relief == "recessed"} { set localdx -$ah set localdy -$ah } else { set localdx 0 set localdy 0 } } else { set box3d($id,relief) $relief Draw3DBox $id localdx localdy } # Set3DBoxRelief really shouldn't know things about drawing, like that # if the relief is raised, any label on top of the button should be # moved down and right by adjustedHeight amount. I could always call # Draw3DBox. I guess I'll regard this knowledge on Set3DBoxRelief's # part as an optimization. set dxname "" set dyname "" foreach {option value} $args { switch -- $option { -dx {set dxname $value} -dy {set dyname $value} # Not checking for unrecognized option. } } if {$dxname != ""} { upvar $dxname dx set dx $localdx } if {$dyname != ""} { upvar $dyname dy set dy $localdy } } # It might be desired to bind to the whole box, not to each of its subparts. # One way to accomplish this might be to put a polygon over the top of the box. # You can give the polygon a fill color and outline color of the empty string. proc Get3DBoxPolygon {id} { global box3d set coords {} set ah $box3d($id,adjustedHeight) set lx $box3d($id,lx) set ty $box3d($id,ty) set rx $box3d($id,rx) set by $box3d($id,by) lappend coords $lx $ty $rx $ty [expr $rx + $ah] [expr $ty + $ah] lappend coords [expr $rx + $ah] [expr $by + $ah] lappend coords [expr $lx + $ah] [expr $by + $ah] $lx $by return $coords } ---- [Category Graphics]