[GWM] This is an example of creating a derived widget - in this case for drawing a graph. The main differences are:
 - lines to be drawn are defined in 'user coordinates' not pixels
 - other added items (polygons, text, ovals..) can be positioned from user coordinates
 - the coordinates use normal graph directions (canvas pixels are defined as 0 at top, large at bottom of screen).
 - the pen colour is an option which persists from object to object.

The code is a simplification of [Overloading widgets] and shows how to add an option to a derived widget. I do not like my use of globals here to store the widget's options.  Any improvements/suggestions sought.

I have simplified the options to using an array rather than separate globals. The exercising example is noww run from a button in the Wish84 window.

15/05/.05 - corrected initialisation of graph ranges (xmin, xmax...). 

 proc grapharea {w args} { ;# a graph plotter canvas derived thing.
	set dx 400
	set dy 400
	global $w.props ;# list of specialised options
	array set $w.props { -pencolour black -xmin -1 -xmax 1 -ymin -1 -ymax 1}
	array set options {}
	# split off the custom options:
	set generalopts [list]
	foreach {opt val} $args {
		if {[array names $w.props $opt]!=""} {set options($opt) $val
		} else { lappend generalopts $opt $val }
	}
	eval canvas $w $generalopts ;# generalopts are the options inherited from canvas.

	interp hide {} $w
	# Install the alias:
	interp alias {} $w {} graphareaCmd $w
	foreach opt [array names options] {
		$w configure $opt $options($opt)
	}
  	return $w ;# the original canvas
 }
  proc graphareaCmd {self cmd args} {
	switch -- $cmd {
		configure {eval graphareaConfigure $self $cmd $args}
		cget {eval graphareaCget $self $args}
		showgrid { ;# draw a grid of lines on the graph
			set x0 [$self cget -xmin];		set x1 [$self cget -xmax]
			set y0 [$self cget -ymin];		set y1 [$self cget -ymax]
			set dx [lindex $args 0] ;#number of grids in X direction
			set x [expr int($x0/$dx)*$dx] ;# choose lines s.t. zero is a line.
			while {$x<$x1} {
				$self create line $x $y0 $x $y1
				set x [expr $x+$dx]
			}
			set dy [lindex $args 1] ;# No grids in Y direction
			set y [expr int($y0/$dy)*$dy]
			while {$y<$y1} {
				$self create line $x0 $y $x1 $y
				set y [expr $y+$dy]
			}
		}
	          create  { ;# replaces the create default of a canvas which works in pixels
			#- adds text, rectangle, oval, polygon... (eg) positioned at scaled position
			set args [eval concat $args] ;# this removes a level of curlies if necessary from the list.
			set penc [$self cget -pencolour];# get "local" pen colour name
			# scale factor for draw space to pixels
			set x0 [$self cget -xmin];		set x1 [$self cget -xmax]
			set y0 [$self cget -ymin];		set y1 [$self cget -ymax]
			set wid [$self cget -width]
			set ht [$self cget -height]
			set idx 1 ;# where to start in args for coordinates
			while {[string is double [lindex $args 1]] && [llength $args]>1} {
				if {$idx%2==1} {
					lappend xylist [expr {int($wid*double([lindex $args 1]-$x0)/($x1-$x0))}]
				} else { ;# a y coordinate
					lappend xylist [expr {int($ht*double([lindex $args 1]-$y1)/($y0-$y1))}]
				}
				set args [lreplace $args 1 1]
				incr idx
			}
			switch [lindex $args 0] {
				{line}  -
				{text} {
					lappend command [lindex $args 0] $xylist -fill $penc
					if {[llength $args]>1} { set command [concat $command [lrange $args 1 end]] }
					eval interp invokehidden {{}} $self create $command
				}
				{default} {
					lappend command [lindex $args 0] $xylist -outline $penc
					if {[llength $args]>1} { set command [concat $command [lrange $args 1 end]] }
					eval interp invokehidden {{}} $self create $command
				}
			}
		}
	          default  { ;# pass to default of a canvas which works in pixels
			#puts "Action $cmd $args"
			eval interp invokehidden {{}} $self $cmd $args
		}
	}
  }
  proc graphareaConfigure {self cmd args} {
	# 3 scenarios:
	#
	# $args is empty       -> return all options with their values
	# $args is one element -> return current values
	# $args is 2+ elements -> configure the options
	global $self.props
	switch [llength $args] {
		0 { ;# return argument values
			lappend result [array names $self.props]

			# default options:
			lappend result [interp invokehidden {} $self configure ]
			#	lappend result [uplevel 1  $self cconfigure]
			return $result
		}
		1 {
			if {[array names $self.props $args ] != ""} {
				 lappend opts [$self cget $args ]
			} else {
				set opts [uplevel 1 interp invokehidden {} $self configure $args]
			}
			return $opts
			}
		default { ;# >1 arg - an option and its value
				# go through each option:
				foreach {option value} $args {
					#puts "setting $option to $value [array names $self.props]"
					if {[array names $self.props $option ]!=""} {
						set $self.props($option) $value
					} else {
						puts " default $option, $value for $self";$self configure $option $value
					}
				}
			
			return {}
		}
	}
  }
  proc graphareaCget {self args} {
	# cget defaults done by the canvas cget command
	#puts "In graphareaCget option $self $args"
	upvar #0 $self.props props
	if {[array names props $args]!=""} { return $props($args) }
	return [uplevel 1 [list interp invokehidden {} $self cget $args]]
  }

  proc testplotc {} { ;#Now exercise this 'new' widget 
	catch {destroy .fib}
	# create a grapharea widget.
 	set dr2 [grapharea .fib -width 500 -height 400 -pencolour red -xmin -1 -xmax 20  -ymin -1.02 -ymax 1.02]
         # points are drawn with the canvas area scaled to these values:
  #	$dr2 configure -xmin -2 -xmax 20  -ymin -1.02 -ymax 1.02
	pack $dr2 -expand true -fill both
    	$dr2 showgrid 5 1

	$dr2 configure -pencolour blue ;# this value persist for all lines from here
	set xold 0
	set yold [expr sin(0)]
	for {set x 0} {$x<20} {set x [expr $x+.25]} {
		set y [expr sin($x)*exp(-0.1*$x)]
		$dr2 create line $xold $yold $x $y
		set xold $x
		set yold $y
	}
	$dr2 configure -pencolour orange
	set xold 0
	set yold [expr cos(0)]
	for {set x 0} {$x<20} {set x [expr $x+.25]} {
		set y [expr cos($x)*exp(-0.1*$x)]
		$dr2 create line $xold $yold $x $y
		set xold $x
		set yold $y
	}
	$dr2 configure -pencolour green
	# a simple rectangle drawn as a line with 5 coordinates (10 values, last repeats first)
	$dr2 create line  1 .8 19 .8 19 -.8 1 -.8 1 .8
	$dr2 configure -pencolour yellow
	#$dr2  create polygon 0  -1 1.0 -.9 2 -.7 3 -.2 4 0.5 2 .8 -smooth true
	$dr2  create rectangle 0  -1 10.0 1.0
	$dr2  create oval 0  -1 10.0 1.0
	# you can also add 'pure' canvas options to the grapharea using pixel coordinates:
	interp invokehidden {} $dr2  create text 120 30  -fill black -text "Graph Area"
	$dr2 configure -pencolour purple
      # or you can use the graph space to define the text position
	$dr2 create text 10.0 0.9 -text {{Text Placed using Graph Space}}
	$dr2 create line 4.0 0.86 14.0 .86
	# creating a long line of coordinates
	set xys ""
	for {set x 0} {$x<20} {set x [expr $x+.25]} {
		set y [expr cos(2*$x)*sin(0.3*$x)]
		lappend xys  $x $y
	}
	puts "Length [llength $xys] [$dr2 cget -pencolour] [$dr2 cget -xmin] [$dr2 cget -xmax]"
	puts "[$dr2 configure]"
	puts "[$dr2 configure -pencolour]"
	$dr2 create line  $xys
 }

 puts "Call testplotc to test the plot canvas"
 set entrypts {}
 lappend entrypts {testplotc "Call testplotc to test the plot canvas"}
 catch {destroy .testplotcanvas}
 set fex [frame .testplotcanvas]
 foreach ep $entrypts { ;# create a button to launch an example procedure
	set choice [lindex $ep 0]
	button $fex.$choice -text "[lindex $ep 1]" -command [lindex $ep 0]
	pack $fex.$choice -side left
 }
 pack $fex -side top


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[Category Widget] [Category Graphics]