[GS] - Iterated Function Systems (IFS) is a self-similar model introduced by Michael Barnsley to generate fractal images like fern leaf or other aesthetic natural shapes. Here is a script to draw some of them like Serpienski gasket or Von Koch curve. [http://gersoo.free.fr/wiki/w10373/ifs1.jpg] [http://gersoo.free.fr/wiki/w10373/ifs2.jpg] For more details about the theory behind IFS, see: * Michael F. Barnsley, ''Fractals everywhere'', Academic Press, 1993. * H.-O. Peitgen, H. Juergens, D. Saupe, ''Chaos and Fractals: New Frontiers of Science'', Springer-Verlag, 1992, Chapter 5. # ifs.tcl package require Tk proc IFSMain { wd ht } { set w .ifs catch {destroy $w} toplevel $w wm withdraw . wm title $w "Iterated Function System" wm iconname $w "ifs" wm geometry $w +100+10 set i 0 # Parameters # 1st group: name of the fractal # 2nd group: iterations, scale_x, scale_y, translation_x, translation_y # 3rd group: coefficients for the affine transformation: # x = a(i)x + b(i)y + e(i) # y = c(i)x + d(i)y + f(i) set tab { {{fern} {24000 520 470 70 420} \ {0 0 0 .172 .496 -.091 0.076 .312 -.257 .204 .494 .133 \ 0.821 -.028 .03 .845 .088 .176 -.024 -.356 -.323 .074 .47 .26}} {{wind} {32000 80 140 30 440} \ {.3333 0 0 .3333 0 0 .1666 -.2886 .2886 .1666 3.3333 0 \ .1666 .2886 -.2886 .1666 5 2.8867 .3333 0 0 .3333 .6666 0}} {{fir} {32000 460 480 110 470} \ {.65 -.013 .013 .65 .175 0 .65 -.026 .026 .65 .165 .325 \ 0.318 -.318 .318 .318 .2 0 -.1666 .2886 .2886 .1666 .6666 0}} {{tree1} {44000 1000 1000 300 480} \ {0 0 0 .5 0 0 0.42 -.42 .42 .42 0 .2 \ 0.42 .42 -.42 .42 0 .2 0.1 0 0 .1 0 .2}} {{vkoch} {10000 580 580 10 300} \ {0.3333 0 0 .3333 0 0 0.3333 0 0 .3333 .6666 0 \ 0.1666 -.2886 .2886 .1666 .3333 0 -.1666 .2886 .28867 .1666 .6666 0}} {{mayan} {19000 40 40 300 440} \ {.5 0 0 .5 -2.5634 -.000003 .5 0 0 .5 2.4365 -.000003 \ .0 -.5 .5 0 4.8730 7.5635}} {{carpet1} {28000 420 400 90 440} \ {.333 0 0 .333 .333 .666 0 .333 1 0 .666 0 0 -.333 1 0 .333 0}} {{carpet2} {19000 40 40 300 450} \ {0 -.5 .5 0 -1.7323 3.3661 .5 0 0 .5 -.0278 5.0148 \ 0 .5 -.5 0 1.6208 3.3104}} {{triangle} {22000 180 180 130 430} \ {.5 0 0 .5 0 0 .5 0 0 .5 0 1 .5 0 0 .5 1 1}} {{xmas} {22000 400 400 100 450} \ {0 -.5 .5 0 .5 0 0 .5 -.5 0 .5 .5 .5 0 0 .5 .25 .5}} {{storm} {12000 400 400 90 430} \ {0 .577 -.577 0 .0951 .5893 0 .577 -.577 0 .4413 .7893 \ 0 .577 -.577 0 .0952 .9893}} {{twig} {19000 600 600 30 530} \ {.387 .43 .43 -.387 .256 .522 .441 -.091 -.009 -.322 .4219 .5059 \ -.468 .2 -.113 .15 .4 .4}} {{coral} {28000 43 43 300 450} \ {.3076 -.5314 -.4615 -.2937 5.402 8.6551 .3076 -.077 .1538 -.4475 -1.2952 4.153 \ 0 .5454 .6923 -.1958 -4.8936 7.2697}} {{spiral} {44000 38 38 300 440} \ {.7878 -.4242 .2424 .8598 1.7586 1.408 -.1212 .2575 .1515 .053 -6.7216 1.3772 \ .1818 -.1363 .091 .1818 6.0861 1.568}} {{dragon} {34000 40 40 300 440} \ {.824 .2814 -.2123 .8641 -1.8823 -.1106 \ .0882 .521 -.4638 -.3777 .7853 8.0957}} {{crystal} {36000 60 44 290 470} \ {.6969 -.481 -.394 -.6628 2.147 10.3102 \ .091 -.4431 .5151 -.0946 4.2865 2.9257}} {{snow} {32000 500 500 40 520} \ {.255 0 0 .255 .3726 .6714 .255 0 0 .255 .1146 .2232 \ .255 0 0 .255 .6306 .2232 .37 -.642 .642 .37 .6356 -.0061}} {{zigzag} {42000 40 40 310 450} \ {-.6324 -.6148 -.5453 .6592 3.8408 1.2823 \ -.0361 .4444 .2101 .037 2.071 8.3305}} {{firework} {28000 40 40 300 450} \ {.7454 -.4591 .406 .8871 1.4602 .691 \ -.4242 -.0651 -.1757 -.2181 3.8095 6.7414}} {{fish} {22000 40 34 300 420} \ {.3077 0 0 .2941 4.1191 1.6042 .1923 -.2058 .6538 .0882 -0.6888 5.979 \ .1923 .2058 -.6538 .0882 .6685 5.9625 .3077 0 0 .2941 -4.1365 1.6042 \ .3846 0 0 -.2941 -.0077 2.9411}} {{shield} {22000 400 400 100 460} \ {.382 0 0 .382 .3072 .619 .382 0 0 .382 .6033 .4044 \ .382 0 0 .382 .0139 .4044 .382 0 0 .382 .1253 0.595 \ .382 0 0 .382 .492 .0595}} {{tree2} {24000 410 410 80 430} \ {.195 -.488 .344 .443 .4431 .2452 .462 .414 -.252 .361 .2511 .5692 \ -.058 -.07 .453 -.111 .5976 .097 -.035 .7 -.469 -.022 .4884 0.507 \ -.637 0 0 .501 .8562 .2513}} } pack [canvas $w.c -width $wd -height $ht -bg white] set f1 [frame $w.f1 -relief sunken -borderwidth 2] pack $f1 -fill x set f2 [frame $w.f2 -relief sunken -borderwidth 2] pack $f2 -fill x set n [expr {[llength $tab]/2}] set f $f1 foreach l $tab { set s [lindex [lindex $tab $i] 0] button $f.b$i -text $s -width 5 \ -bg blue -fg white \ -command "IFS $w $s [list [lindex [lindex $tab $i] 1]] [list [lindex [lindex $tab $i] 2]]" incr i if {$i >= $n} then {set f $f2} } eval pack [winfo children $f1] -side left eval pack [winfo children $f2] -side left set f3 [frame $w.f3 -relief sunken -borderwidth 2] pack $f3 -fill x button $f3.bq -text Quit -width 5 -command exit label $f3.lb -text " " -font system eval pack [winfo children $f3] -side left } proc IFS { w s sparam fparam } { array set m {} set x0 0 set y0 0 $w.c delete all [lindex [winfo children $w.f3] 0] configure -state disabled [lindex [winfo children $w.f3] 1] configure -text " RUNNING: $s" wm title $w "Iterated Function System ($s)" set pix [image create photo] set cmap #000000 $w.c create image 0 0 -anchor nw -image $pix foreach {maxit mx my tx ty} $sparam {} set j 0 foreach {m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6} $fparam { incr j set m($j,1) $m1 set m($j,2) $m2 set m($j,3) $m3 set m($j,4) $m4 set m($j,5) $m5 set m($j,6) $m6 } for {set i 1} {$i <= $maxit} {incr i} { set k [expr {int($j*rand() - 0.0001) + 1}] set x [expr {$m($k,1)*$x0 + $m($k,2)*$y0 + $m($k,5)}] set y [expr {$m($k,3)*$x0 + $m($k,4)*$y0 + $m($k,6)}] set x0 $x set y0 $y if {$maxit > 10} then { set X [expr {round([expr $mx*$x + $tx])}] set Y [expr {round([expr -$my*$y + $ty])}] $pix put $cmap -to $X $Y update } } [lindex [winfo children $w.f3] 0] configure -state normal [lindex [winfo children $w.f3] 1] configure -text " DONE: $s" } IFSMain 600 480 ; # Screen size (x,y) ---- [Category Mathematics] | [Category Graphics]