Modeling Planetary Distances using Titius-Bode Law and and TCL demo example calculator, numerical analysis

This page is under development. Comments are welcome, but please load any comments in the comments section at the bottom of the page. Please include your wiki MONIKER and date in your comment with the same courtesy that I will give you. Aside from your courtesy, your wiki MONIKER and date as a signature and minimal good faith of any internet post are the rules of this TCL-WIKI. Its very hard to reply reasonably without some background of the correspondent on his WIKI bio page. Thanks, gold 20Aug2020


Preface

gold 20aug2020 Here are some calculations modeling planetary distances using the Titius-Bode Law. The Titius-Bode Law is primarily of historical interest. But the Titius-Bode is a good exercise in matching the available data.


Introduction

The Titius-Bode Law makes simple assumptions and formulas to model planetary distances by scaling powers of 2. As another accuracy issue, the measured Planetary Distances are identified as non-linear function(s) in the log plots. Reported different velocity estimates in the program and the numerous references involve different assumptions and formulas. In the code, after computing the Titius-Bode output as historical numbers, subsequent formulas are scaled, changed, and different assumptions are changed from the original Titius-Bode formulas.


There are some simple formulas modeling planetary distances using the Titius-Bode Law and other power laws. The Titius-Bode Law is primarily of historical interest. The Titius-Bode law estimated rough distances in Astronomical Units (AU) of Planets from the Sun by scaling powers of 2 in a power law, Johann Elert Bode, pub 1772. There are usually different number assignments for each planet in each formula scheme. The simplest formula number scheme is used here, starting with < Earth = 1... > from Titius-Bode. Although much more is known about planetary distances in modern times, an examination of the original Titius-Bode results gives some fodder for the theory of numerical analysis. The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences OEIS refers to the sequences A209257, A003461, and A131500. But the Titius-Bode and other power laws are a good exercise in matching the available data.



Many Distance formulas with different assignment numbers


Here is a summary of Distance formulas and planet assignment numbers for starting the adventure to infinity and beyond. The Titius-Bode formula set < Earth = 1 ... > as number assignment scheme for planets. The Asteroid Ceres is included on most number assignment schemes. Ceres represents the Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The planet Neptune and dwarf planet Pluto are included on some number assignment schemes. Other planet number schemes are for power laws are available here. The Wurm_formula_1803 was expr {(0.3 + (3.*2.** $nn))*0.1} with the setting < Mercury = -1 ...> But the setting < Mercury = 1 ...> was used by Gaussin (1880) and Armellini (1921) for their power laws. Very interesting, Nicolini transformed planet number scheme in Titius_Bode to < Mercury = 1 ...>, refer to Nicolini. The nicolini_formula_1957 was expr {0.4 + 0.075 * (2. ** $nn)} , $nn=l for Mercury,2,... The Basano_Hughes_formula_1979 was expr {0.285 * (1.523 ** $nn)}, $nn=l for Mercury, 2,... Sven-Ingmar Ragnarsson, 1994, modeled Jupiter and the outer planets to Uranus, separately. See the Ragnarsson paper. For the TCL code, keeping track and comparing these planet assignment numbers is tricky. The Ragnarsson paper used $nn=0 for Jupiter, 2 = Saturn, 3 = Uranus ..... The most successful players separate the non-linear distances into two or three piecewise sections, rather than having a single formula try to cover all the planets and objects.


Many planetary distance papers cited the model of the hydrogen atom developed by Bohr in 1913. The normalized_bohr_atom_1913 formula was expr { 1. * $nn**2 },$nn=1,2,3,4,5 . Here $nn=1 is the first electron orbit.


Revolution Periods and Distance of Planets from the Sun



The Titius–Bode law estimated rough distances in Astronomical Units (AU) of Planets from the Sun by scaling powers of 2, Johann Elert Bode, pub 1772. Although much more known in modern times, an examination of the original Titius–Bode results in AU gives some fodder for the theory of the TCL calculator. For example, Titius–Bode law rated Earth as 1 AU from the Sun and predicted Mars as 1.6 AU. The Bode estimate for Mars was short of the true value 1.676 AU by 4.77 percent error. Using hand calculations, a similar value can be ginned up from the golden ratio, expr { $golden_ratio_constant / 1. } returns 1.618 AU rounded. The golden ratio method is still short of the Mars true distance by 3.6 percent error. Numerous excellent papers have used both the Fibonacci and the golden ratio constants methods to estimate planetary distances from the Sun. The Lombardi paper found the best fit to the Fibonacci constants used the scaling constant < K1 = 55.88 > to get E6 km prediction. Both the Fibonacci and Bode sequences have unassigned slots or skips, due to the Asteroid belt(s) and possible undiscovered bodies. The Asteroid Ceres is representative of Asteroid belt here, but was not known to Bode. Also, both Neptune and Pluto not known to Bode in 1772.



Here is an example of how the Fibonacci method might be used with < K1 = 55.88 > . Astronomer Mary Blagg in 1913 conjectured that if the transplutonian Planet X existed, it might be at ~68 AU from the Sun. The nearest Fibonacci constants are 233 and 377, and unassigned at that. Perhaps, expr { 0.349 * 233. } ;# 81.317 AU for Planet X? The interest in Planet X and the region of 80 AU is not original or new by any means. Schuette suggested a family of comets in the region of 80 AU aphelia, circa 1949. The perihelion of the object Sedna is around 76 AU, reported in 2004. The perihelion of the object 2012 VP is around 80 AU, reported in 2012.


With additional scale factors loaded in the deck, the TCL calculator could use the Fibonacci sequence to output the planetary distances in kilometers and AU. The scale factor for kilometers is 55.88 (*E6). Sample calculation for Planet X was expr { 233. * 55.88 } ;# returns rounded 13000 X 1E6 km The scale factor for AU is expr { 19.2 / 55. } ;# ratio of Uranus returns 0.349 AU/Fi.


Horse Race for Least Squares Fits and Online Curve Fitter


In the horse race of fitting formulas, a least squares method was fit to the curve with some known initial points either with the first 6 planets or 9 planets, if Pluto or Ceres included. Other fits to the curve can be tried from an online curve fitter, using the least squares method. A Gaussian bell curve was not a good fit to the eyeball. The linear fit or stick fit was tried. The linear slope can be defined from simple points.


In the horse race of fitting formulas, a least squares method was fit to the curve with some known initial points either with the first 6 planets or 9 planets, if Pluto or Ceres included. Other fits to the curve can be tried from an online curve fitter, using the least squares method. Candidate models of fit include 1) Y=A*EXP(((X-B)**2)/C) exponential 2) Y = A*(B**(1/X))*X**C <--- Mod Hoerl , 2) Y = A*X+B*X**2+C*X**3 <--- 3nd order polynomial, 3) Y = A*(B**(1/X))*X**C <--- Mod Hoerl, and 4) Y = A*X**B+C <--- 1 pow + c, which appear winners of field with more than 208 entries for fitting functions. For inclusion in the horse race of fitting formulas, the classic sigmoidal functions were estimated like the Weibull growth curve, Gompetrz growth curve, and Ratkowsky Model growth curve. For the raw Planet Distances, the online fitter reported that the std of measured X values was 3.022 and avg X value was 5.555. The std of measured Y values was 13.655 and avg Y value was 11.902. The Weibull growth curve < a - b*exp(-c*x**d)> had a standard error of 4.25E-01 and a correlation coefficient of 9.99E-01. The Ratkowsky Model had a standard error of 5.29E-01 and a correlation coefficient of 9.99E-01. The Gompertz growth curve standard error of 1.96E+00 and correlation coefficient of 9.93E-01. The Logistic Power function had an standard error of 8.07E-01 and a correlation coefficient of 9.98E-01. Of most interest for comparison with the historic Titius-Bode power law, the Modified Power function <y=a*C**x> had standard error of 2.01E+00 and a correlation coefficient of 9.91E-01.


Candidate models of fit include 1) Weibull growth curve, 2) Ratkowsky Model, 3) power law and 4) exponential law, which appear in a field with more than 208 entries for fitting functions. The fitting algorithm for points was available to double precision, E-14. But obviously, such precision was not necessary with the 3 significant figures in reported JPL measured data. Some calculations appear defaulted to single precision, E-7. The tabled chi results were from 208 equations of 2 parameters (2P) or 2 terms (t2), from the non-linear curve fit algorithm (NLCF). Undoubtedly, this computer task would be hundreds of man-hours in paper calculations, but done automatically on the computer in three seconds or less. Trig functions are trivial results in this search, but leaving available in table, in case results jog memory. Also, there was a really nice piecewise cubic spline fit for 9 planets, but not sure how to wrap in code. One can see how the power laws or doubling rules like the Titius-Bode formula are breaking down beyond Jupiter and Uranus. See figures 6 and 7.




For inclusion in the horse race of fitting formulas, the classic sigmoidal functions were estimated like the Weibull growth curve, Gompetrz growth curve, and Ratkowsky Model growth curve. For the raw Planet Distances, the online fitter reported that the std of measured X values was 3.022 and avg X value was 5.555. The std of measured Y values was 13.655 and avg Y value was 11.902. The Weibull growth curve < a - b*exp(-c*x**d)> had a standard error of 4.25E-01 and a correlation coefficient of 9.99E-01. The Ratkowsky Model had a standard error of 5.29E-01 and a correlation coefficient of 9.99E-01. The Gompertz growth curve standard error of 1.96E+00 and correlation coefficient of 9.93E-01. The Logistic Power function had an standard error of 8.07E-01 and a correlation coefficient of 9.98E-01. Of most interest for comparison with the historic Titius-Bode power law, the Modified Power function <y=a*C**x> had standard error of 2.01E+00 and a correlation coefficient of 9.91E-01.


Later, a Gaussian curve was tried and seemed to be a reasonable fit. But the resiiduals from the Gaussian curve fit seemed to have a sine wave, which may be a sign of an unmodeled sine or trig function component.


 THE CONVERGENCE                       
 Equation No.  29:   Y = A*EXP(((X-B)**2)/C) <--- Gaussian                                                                                                                        
     PARAMETERS: Mean                UNCERTAINTIES: SD              t            P(t)
  A =  0.95304055938E+02       SIGMAA =  0.32610879557E+02     0.292246E+01     0.019
  B =  0.17130867861E+02       SIGMAB =  0.18834984900E+01     0.909524E+01     0.000
  C = -0.42886588617E+02       SIGMAC =  0.10093138287E+02     -.424908E+01     0.003
                  Attention:  SIGMA(p) = f * SIGMA
p=68.3%: f= 1.07   p=90%: f= 1.86   p=95.4%: f= 2.36   p=99%: f= 3.29
                              Chi-Square:
Deg. Freed.=  8  ChiSq.=0.800000E+01  Red. ChiSq.=0.100000E+01 => P(Red. ChiSq.)=0.433

The autofitter found a = 5.14E-01 and b = 1.55E+00 for the Modified Power function <y=a*C**x>, which was close to the Armellini formula for planetary distances. In 1921, G. Armellini suggested a planetary distance formula, equivalent to <y = 0.2792 x 1.53**n> . Other authors have suggested 1.73 or, 1.842, for the C term in a planetary distance power function <y=a*b**x>. The Modified Power function error is at 5 percent of the Y axis, which is at the non-significant borderline level generally cited. The Weibull growth curve should fit the Y axis with a 1 percent error. In these growth functions, the Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm was used with double precision C's.


Original Armellini power law


Alternative text here. The original Armellini planetary distance power function <y=C**x>, C=1.53, nn = -2 for Mercury, -1, 0=Earth, 1, 2, 3.... The Armellini average error was 0.937 percent here. Later authors modified the Armellini formula with different planet number assignments and assumed different gaps, and got some slightly different results. The calculation of average error is tricky because some authors interpreted planets and gaps differently. The original Armellini over 9 planets and objects was about half the relative error of the Titius-Bode results. C=1.53, nn = -2 for Mercury, -1, 0=Earth, 1, 2, 3.., 6=gap?...Original Armellini power law had gap? or unassigned slot at Armellini(6) The original Armellini planetary distance power function <y=C**x>, C=1.53, nn = -2 for Mercury, -1, 0=Earth, 1, 2, 3.... The Armellini average error was 0.937 percent here. Later authors modified the Armellini formula with different planet number assignments and assumed different gaps, and got some slightly different results. The calculation of average error is tricky because some authors interpreted planets and gaps differently. The original Armellini over 9 planets and objects was about half the relative error of the Titius-Bode results.


Ron Livesey reported in 2004 that the planets distance from the Kepler measured data was proportional to the to a limited set of Fibonacci numbers. The limited set of Fibonacci numbers starts < list 1 2 3 5 8 ...> and are scaled to distnaces in AU using a scale factor. Livesey was able to model the distances of inner planets, but the outer planets failed to reasonably match. Others have discussed that the distance or ratio from successive planets in the Kepler measured data was proportional to the Golden Ratio constant (1.618). Meaning that the ratio of distances of Planet(n+1)/ PLanet(n) approximates the Golden Ratio constant, but only the inner planets seem to match, but not so with the outer planets, especially the Planet Neptune and the dwarf planet Pluto are seen as outliers and very troublesome.


Aside from the Livesey published results on the inner planets, the analysis made some sample hand calculations in TCL expressions. A graph of the Kepler measured data versus Fibonacci numbers showed a roughly linear slope and a scale factor of expr { 30.06-.39)/(89 - 1. } , 0.337 AU per Fibonacci number, using the Keplar measured data for Mercury to Neptune. The distance of the planet Mercury was expr { 1.* 0.337}, 0.337 AU. The distance of the planet Venus was expr { 2.* 0.337}, 0.674 AU. The distance of the planet Earth was expr { 3.* 0.337}, 1.011 AU. The distance of the planet Mars was expr { 4.* 0.337}, 1.675 AU.


For the Golden Ratio formulation in rough proportions, the analysis made some sample hand calculations in TCL expressions using the Keplar measured data and the distance ratio of successor planets Planet(n+1) distance )/ Planet(n) distance . The successor ratio at the planet Venus was expr {.723/ 0.39}, 1.854 No Units. The successor ratio at the planet Venus was expr {.723/ 0.39}, 1.854 No Units. The successor ratio at the planet Earth was expr {1./ 0.723}, 1.383 No Units. The successor ratio at the planet Mars was expr {1.54/ 1.0}, 1.54 No Units. The successor ratio at the Asteroid Ceres was expr {2.767/ 1.54}, 1.797 No Units. The successor ratio at the planet Jupiter was expr { 5.480 / 2.767}, 1.980 No Units. Possibly, there is a vague relation here to the Golden Ratio (1.618), but nothing too accurate.


The Wave-Particle theory of the Solar System

The Soltani paper presents the theory that the Titius-Bode Law is derived from the existence of a standing and cosine wave wave packet in solar system. There are successive solar wave nodes in a Schrodinger standing wave originating from the Sun in the Soltani position. Planets and objects may reside at successive solar wave nodes of a stationary or standing wave, but some nodes are not filled. The solar nodes start from the origin line, with the first solar node which is 0.1 AU. The first solar node is empty of a planet. After the first solar node, each successive solar node is a length of 0.3 AU. The planet Mercury resides on the second solar node at pi/6 ==>> 0.4 AU. The planet Venus resides on the third solar node at 5*pi/2 ==>> 0.7 AU. The Earth resides on the fourth node at 7*pi/2 ==>> 1.0 AU. The fifth solar node is empty, but the location is at 9*pi/2 ==>> 1.3 AU. The planet Mars resides on the sixth solar node at 11*pi/2 ==>> 1.6 AU. For previous mainstream use in physics, Quantum mechanics, the Schrodinger equation, and the de Broglie wavelength relation were thought only for subatomic scale and subatomic objects. Small TCL routines can be written added to the TCL gui to study the implications and graph the possible interrelations to the Titius-Bode Law .


Most advanced electromagnetic theory states that energy and electromagnetic energy waves travel as a packet or ball of combination electric waves and magnetic waves, including resonant spin or plural rotations. In opinion, the closest analog is a spinning ball of loose cotton with the cotton lint fibers representing multiple light photons or beams of light. Other analog is the collection of dust balls on the floor from a housekeeper. One is doing high science when one forgets to dust under the couch. Other similar analogs are the hair balls that are left over from ones hairbrush or the hair balls from some cats. Energy transfer , energy transform, or spin energy entrainment of the energy ball occurs when matter, recipient, or resonant plasma fields encounter recipient fields. One might as well be throwing left or right curve balls spinning on their travel in the first inning.


Considerations for Code and Titius-Bode formulas into TCL code




For fitting power law formulas to the measured data, Mercury, Neptune, and Pluto are outlier points in the Kepler measured data. Ceres and Uranus from the measured data appear on the middle portion in the log chart of the measured data. The linear appearance of the middle portion feature is suitable for using power law formulas. The TCL calculator uses planet assignment numbers from 1 to 10, including the Pluto dwarf planet and the Ceres asteroid.


Pushbutton Operation

For the push buttons, the recommended procedure is push testcase and fill frame, change first three entries etc, push solve, and then push report. Report allows copy and paste from console. For testcases in a computer session, the eTCL calculator increments a new testcase number internally, eg. TC(1), TC(2) , TC(3) , TC(N). The testcase number is internal to the calculator and will not be printed until the report button is pushed for the current result numbers. The current result numbers will be cleared either on the next clear button or on the next solve button. All results will be lost on program exit, unless the report text is saved from the report screen on console.


Conclusions


In the horse race of fitting formulas, a least squares method was fit to the curve with some known initial points either with the first 6 planets or 9 planets, if Pluto or Ceres included. Other fits to the curve can be tried from an online curve fitter, using the least squares method. Candidate models of fit include 1) Y=A*EXP(((X-B)**2)/C) exponential 2) Y = A*(B**(1/X))*X**C <--- Mod Hoerl , 2) Y = A*X+B*X**2+C*X**3 <--- 3nd order polynomial, 3) Y = A*(B**(1/X))*X**C <--- Mod Hoerl, and 4) Y = A*X**B+C <--- 1 pow + c, which appear winners of field with more than 208 entries for fitting functions. The tabled chi results were from 208 equations of 2 parameters (2P) or 2 terms (t2), from the non-linear curve fit algorithm (NLCF). Undoubtedly, this computer task would be hundreds of man-hours in paper calculations, but done automatically on the computer in three seconds or less.In the code, after computing the Titius-Bode output as historical numbers, subsequent formulas are scaled, changed, and different assumptions are changed from the original Titius-Bode formulas.


The set of measured planet distances is a non-linear function, which possibly should be modeled in three sections. From the log plots, there appears to be a sine wave or sigmoidal growth function component in the measured planet distances, meaning non-linear S-curve in slang. Again from the log plots, one can see how the power laws or doubling rules like the Titius-Bode formula are breaking down beyond Jupiter and Uranus. The Ragnarsson paper in 1994 showed fair results in modeling Jupiter and the outer planets as a separate section.


Table : Est. Distance of Planets from Fibonacci and Bode Rules printed in tcl wiki format
sources >> JPL JPL Fibonacci constants Lombardi Paper Lombardi Paper Wikipedia Wikipedia comments
quantity real measured AU, semi_major axis real measured 10E6 km, semi_major axis Fibonacci constants Fibonacci * 55.88, 10E6 km Prediction Titius-Bode number Titius-Bode AU Prediction Real Measured AU , semi_major axis comments, if any
Sun 0 0 Sun not assigned value in Fibonacci and Bode Rules
Mercury 0.39 57.9 1 55.8 4 0.4 0.39
Venus 0.723 108.2 2 111.6 7 0.7 0.72
Earth 1 149.6 3 167.4 10 1 1 Earth assigned unit 1 AU in Bode Rules
Mars 1.524 227.9 5 279 16 1.6 1.52
Ceres 2.767 265.3 8 446.4 28 2.8 2.77 Asteroid belt
Jupiter 5.203 778.3 13 725.4 52 5.2 5.2
Jupiter clearance belt 21 1171.8 Jupiter clearance belt
Saturn 9.539 1427 34 1897.2 100 10 9.55
Uranus 19.18 2871 55 3069 196 19.6 19.22
Neptune 30.07 4497.1 89? 4966.2 388? 38.8? 30.11 Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto. Confusing references.
Pluto (avg) 39.482 5906.38 144? 8035.2? 772? 77.20? 39.54 Pluto is not considered a planet, currently. Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto. Confusing references.
Note several sources Wikipedia Jpl Lombardi Paper
Note Neptune, Pluto, & Ceres were not known to Bode
Note Ceres representative of Asteroid belt here
Note Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto, confusing references Opinion: Bode Number assignment for N&P uncertain here.


Testcases Section

In planning any software, it is advisable to gather a number of testcases to check the results of the program.

Testcase 1, Planet distances in AU


Testcase 1 printed in tcl wiki format
1:testcase_number
1. :method number, 1 = Bode
1772. :reference year CE :
value AU quantity distance E6 km comment, if any
0.400 : Mercury : 22.32 Bodes Law breaks down for Mercury
0.700 : Venus : 39.059
1.00 : Earth : 55.79 Earth set to one in Bodes Law
1.60 : Mars : 89.280
5.20 : Jupiter : : 290.159
10.0 : Saturn : 558.0
19.6 : Uranus : 1093.68
38.8 : Neptune : 2165.039 Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto.
77.2 : Pluto : 4307.76 Pluto is not considered a planet, currently. Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto.
154. : extra slot, unk planet? : 8593.19
2.80 : Ceres : 156.23 represents Asteroid belt here

  Console wrapper for solution proc
  ***************************
  ***************************
 scaled_results 0.000001 1. 0.400 0.700 1.00 1.60 5.20 10.0 19.6 38.8 

The average percent error of the Titius-Bode law compared to the Kepler measured data is expr {ABS (( 0. - 2.5 + 2.8 + 0.00 - 4.77 - 1.16 + 0.00 - 4.45 - 1.95 +1.05)/9.)}, 1.219 percent error.


Testcase 2, Planet distances in AU, Armellini formula


Table Armellini formula I printed in TCL format
formula d= 1.53**$n, $n=-2,-1,0,1,2,3... avg error 0.937 percent
Planet Name assigned number Armellini formula Kepler measured data percent error comments, if any
Mercury -2 0.427 0.39 9.5349038448
Venus -1 0.654 0.723 -9.5996167024
Earth 0 1.000 1 0 Earth is set to 1 AU
Mars 1 1.530 1.524 0.3937007874
Vesta Asteroid 2 2.341 2.36 -0.8093220339 Asteroid, Armellini mentioned
Cammila Asteroid 3 3.582 3.48 2.9188793103 Asteroid, Armellini mentioned, but Italian spelling used
Jupiter 4 5.480 5.203 5.320253892
Saturn 5 8.384 10 -16.158864007
gap? 6 12.828 Armellini mentioned gap in formula sequence
Uranus 7 19.626 19.18 2.3272759364
Neptune 8 30.028 30.06 -0.1052946353 Armellini made fair prediction for Neptune
Pluto 9 45.943 39.44 16.4892827128 dwarf planet, Pluto is not considered a planet.
Note Pluto is not considered a planet.
Note Vesta representative of Asteroid belt here
Note Bode-Like Laws etc usually break down for Neptune and Pluto, confusing references.

The original Armellini planetary distance power function <y=C**x>, C=1.53, nn = -2 for Mercury, -1, 0=Earth, 1, 2, 3.... The Armellini average error was 0.937 percent here. Later authors modified the Armellini formula with different planet number assignments and assumed different gaps, and got some slightly different results. The calculation of average error is tricky because some authors interpreted planets and gaps differently. The original Armellini over 9 planets and objects was about half the relative error of the Titius-Bode results.



Screenshots Section


figure 1. screenshot


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_screenshot



figure 2. Calculator_report


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_screenshot_report



figure 3. Modeling_Planetary_Distances_log_plot




Modeling_Planetary_Distances_log_plot



figure 3b. Modeling_Planetary_Distances_log_plot_titius_bode

Modeling_Planetary_Distances_log_plot_titius_bode


figure 3c. Modeling_Planetary_Distances_plot_titius_bode_vs_gaussin

Modeling_Planetary_Distances_log_plot_titius_bode_vs_gaussin



figure 3d. Modeling_Planetary_Distances_gaussin


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_gaussin



figure 3e. Modeling_Planetary_Distances_armenelli


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_arnenelli


figure 3f. Modeling_Planetary_Distances_wurm



Modeling_Planetary_Distances_wurm


figure 4a. Modeling_Planetary_Distances_log_plot_measured_data



Modeling_Planetary_Distances_log_plot_measured_data



figure 4d. log_plot_Fibonnaci_sequence


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_log_plot_Fibonnaci_sequence


figure 4a.power_law



Modeling_Planetary_Distances_power_law



figure 4c. power_ln_law


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_power_ln_law


figure 5.gas_giants


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_power_ln_law_gas_giants


figure 6. Power law curve fit in red line, e-function curve fit in green line


Power law curve fit in red line
Power law parameter
a=0.182490688
b=2.104691172
Power law
y=a⋅xb=0.182490688⋅x2.104691172
Standard deviation
σ=7.340978516
e-function curve fit in green line
Parameter of the fitted e-function
a=0.535853432
b=0.218240397
The e-Function
f(x)=b⋅ea⋅x=0.218240397⋅e0.535853432⋅x
Standard deviation
σ=17.056378115

Modeling_Planetary_Distances_power_ln_law_exponential_fit


figure 7. first_6_points,Power law curve fit in red line, e-function curve fit in green line


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_screenshot_first_6_points


figure 8. power_law


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_power_law



figure 8b. Modeling_Planetary_Distances_gaussian_curve_fit


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_gaussian_curve_fit


figure 8c. Bode law residuals from gaussian fit of planetary distances


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_gaussian_residuals


*figure 9a.Modeling_Planetary_Distances reference to the normalized_bohr_atom_1913


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_normalized_bohr_atom_1913



*figure 9b.Modeling_Planetary_Distances_Solar standing_wave


Modeling_Planetary_Distances_Solar standing_wave


figure 10. waves, simulation in ripple tank



photo credit, ripple tank at falstad.com website.



Golden_Ratio_waves_ripple_tank_1



figure 11. waves_2, simulation in ripple tank



photo credit, ripple tank at falstad.com website.


Golden_Ratio_waves_ripple_tank_2



figure 12. Quadratic Curve fits to spreadsheet sine


Quadratic Curve hardly matches a sine except in a few places. But I think one could bias or fudge the middle portion. The Kepler measured points of planetary distance are derived from the semi-axis of an ellipsoid.


Indian math Bhaskara sine formula quadratic sine fit


figure 13. Quadratic Curve fits to spreadsheet cosine


Quadratic Curve hardly matches a cosine except in a few places. But I think one could bias or fudge the middle portion. The Kepler measured points of planetary distance are derived from the semi-axis of an ellipsoid.



Indian Math Bhaskara (1) Sine formula quadratic fit to cosine png


References:


  • Wikipedia search engine < Titius Bode >
  • Wikipedia search engine < Golden Mean >
  • Wikipedia search engine < Programming Examples >
  • Google search engine < vaporware >

References: Planets, Titius–Bode law


  • wikipedia.org/wiki/Titius Bode law
  • Article: All Solar system periods fit
  • the Fibonacci series and the Golden Ratio.
  • Posted: February 20, 2013 by tallbloke
  • The Golden Mean In The Solar System,
  • Oreste W. Lombard I And Margaret A. Lombardi
  • On a Suggested Substitute for Bode’s Law. By M. A. Blagg.
  • Communicated by Professor H. B. Turner.
  • Planetary distances: a new simplified model
  • Sven-Ingmar Ragnarsson, 1994
  • Fibonacci Series In The Solar System
  • Captain B. A. Read, Canada
  • A postulate leading to the Titius-Bode law
  • R. Louise
  • www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/pdfs/scaless_reference.pdf
  • Schuette, C. H., "Two new families of comets", Pop. Astron. 57, 176-82
  • (1949); "Drei weitere Mitglieder der Transplutokometenfamilie", Acta
  • Astronomica 15, 11-13 (1965).
  • Bode’s Law And Spiral Structure In Nebulae
  • By William Sutherland
  • A Sedna-like body with a perihelion of 80
  • astronomical units
  • Chadwick A. Trujillo, Scott S. Sheppard
  • Searching For Sedna’s Sisters: Exploring The Inner Oort Cloud
  • Megan Schwamb with Advisor: Mike Brown
  • A new object at the edge of our Solar System discovered
  • by Carnegie Institution for Science
  • Modeling Celestial Mechanics Using the Fibonacci Number,
  • Robert G. Sacco, 2019
  • A Supposed New Law For Planetary Distances, letter,
  • Ennio Badolati, 1982, several approaches cited
  • Munini and Armellini (1978) , d = 0.283 x 1.52**n, sequence < n = 1,2,... 12 >
  • 1880 Gaussin, d~ = 0.2099 x 1.7226**n, (n = 1,2... 9)
  • tester formula, d = $K1 x 1.842**n, sequence < n = 1,2,... 12 >
  • Planetary distances: a new simplified model
  • Sven-Ingmar Ragnarsson

Caption outline on plots. distance curve Leaves straight line middle portion appears Linear on log plot, Which is feature suitable For using power law formulas Mercury is outlier On measured data Distance curve Leaves straight le Neptune and pluto are Outliers on measured data Ceres and uranus appear Linear on middle log portion Titius-Bode output for predicted distances tcl club Planet number including Pluto and Ceres Distance curve Leaves straight line Distance curve Leaves straight line Middle portion appears Linear on log plot, Which is feature suitable For using power law formulas Mercury is outlier On titius-bode law Distance curve Leaves straight le Neptune and pluto are Outliers on titius-bode law Ceres and uranus appear Linear on middle log portion {distances for planets and objects on log plot } Tcl club } Planet number including Pluto and Ceres


Appendix TCL programs and scripts

* Pretty Print Version


        #  pretty print from autoindent and ased editor occurrence
        #  Planetary  Distances  Using  Titius-Bodes Law V2 calculator
        #  written on Windows 10
        #  working under TCL version 8.6 
        #  gold on TCL Club, 10jul2021
        package require Tk
        package require math::numtheory
        namespace path {::tcl::mathop ::tcl::mathfunc math::numtheory }
        set tcl_precision 17
        frame .frame -relief flat -bg aquamarine4
        pack .frame -side top -fill y -anchor center
        set names {{} { method number, 1 = Bode :} }
        lappend names {reference year CE: }
        lappend names {answers:  Mercury  : }
        lappend names { Venus  : }
        lappend names { Earth  : }
        lappend names { Mars  : }
        lappend names { Jupiter  : }
        lappend names { Saturn  : }
        lappend names { Uranus  : }  
        foreach i {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9} {
            label .frame.label$i -text [lindex $names $i] -anchor e
            entry .frame.entry$i -width 35 -textvariable side$i
            grid .frame.label$i .frame.entry$i -sticky ew -pady 2 -padx 1 }
        proc about {} {
            set msg "Calculator for  Planetary  Distances  Using  Titius-Bodes Law V2 
            from TCL WIKI,
            written on TCL 8.6 "
            tk_messageBox -title "About" -message $msg } 
        proc self_help {} {
            set msg "Calculator for  Planetary  Distances  Using  Titius-Bodes Law V2 
            from TCL ,
            #  self help listing
            #  1 given  follow.
            1) method  N1
            2) Reference year
            #  This calculator uses the Titius-Bodes Law 
            #  to predict Planetary Distances in AU. 
            #  For comparison, TCL code may include redundant paths & formulas.
            #  The TCL calculator normally uses modern
            #  units  for convenience to modern users and textbooks.
            #  Any convenient and consistent in/output units might be used
            #  like inches, feet, nindas, cubits, or dollars to donuts.
            #  Recommended procedure is push testcase and fill frame,
            #  change first three entries etc, push solve,
            #  and then push report. Report allows copy and paste
            #  from console to conventional texteditor. For testcases
            #  testcase number is internal to the calculator and
            #  will not be printed until the report button is pushed
            #  for the current result numbers.
            #  Use one line errorx proc to estimate percent errors. 
            #  errorx proc is used in the report window (console).
            #  Additional significant figures are used to check
            #  the TCL program, not to infer the accuracy
            #  of inputs and product reports. 
            Conventional text editor formulas or  grabbed from internet
            screens can be pasted into green report console.
            Try copy and paste following into green screen console
            set answer \[* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. \]
            returns  120
            #  gold on  TCL Club, 10jul2021 "
            tk_messageBox -title "self_help" -message $msg }
        proc precisionx {precision float}  {
            #   tcl:wiki:Floating-point formatting, <AM>
            #  select numbers only, not used on every number.
            set x [ expr {round( 10 ** $precision * $float) / (10.0 ** $precision)} ]
            #   rounded or clipped to nearest 5ird significant figure
            set x [ format "%#.3g" $x ]
            return $x
        }
        #  Use one line errorx proc to estimate percent errors 
        #  errorx proc is used in the report window (console)
        proc errorx  {aa bb} {expr { $aa > $bb ?   (($aa*1.)/$bb -1.)*100. : (($bb*1.)/$aa -1.)*100.}}
        proc titius_bode_law  {aa } {expr { (4. + 3 * 2**$aa)*.1 } }
        proc calculate {     } {
            global answer2
            global side1 side2 side3 side4 side5
            global side6 side7 side8 side9 k1
            global side10 side11 side12 side13
            global testcase_number
            incr testcase_number 
            #  scaling constant K1
            set k1 55.8
            set side3 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law -1]]
            set side4 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 0]]
            set side5 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 1]]
            set side6 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 2]]
            set side7 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 4]]
            set side8 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 5]]
            set side9 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 6]]
            set side10 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 7]] #  Neptune
            set side11 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 8]] #  Pluto
            set side12 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 9]] #  extra Bode slot, unk planet?
            set side13 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 3]] #  Ceres
            set scaled_results [list 0.000001 $side1 $side3 $side4 $side5 $side6 $side7 $side8 $side9 $side10]
            puts " scaled_results $scaled_results "
             }
        proc fillup {aa bb cc dd ee ff gg hh ii} {
            .frame.entry1 insert 0 "$aa"
            .frame.entry2 insert 0 "$bb"
            .frame.entry3 insert 0 "$cc"
            .frame.entry4 insert 0 "$dd"
            .frame.entry5 insert 0 "$ee"
            .frame.entry6 insert 0 "$ff" 
            .frame.entry7 insert 0 "$gg"
            .frame.entry8 insert 0 "$hh" 
            .frame.entry9 insert 0 "$ii" 
             }
        proc clearx {} {
            foreach i {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 } {
                .frame.entry$i delete 0 end } }
        proc reportx {} {
            global side1 side2 side3 side4 side5
            global side6 side7 side8 side9 k1
            global side10 side11 side12 side13
            global testcase_number 
            console show;
            puts "%|table $testcase_number| || printed in tcl wiki format|% "
            puts "&| $testcase_number:|testcase_number || |&"
            puts "&| $side1 :|method number, 1 = Bode |   |   |&"
            puts "&| $side2 :|reference year CE : | | |& "  
            puts "&| value AU |quantity |distance E6 km | comment, if any|& "
            puts "&| $side3 :| Mercury : |[* $side3  $k1 ] | |& "
            puts "&| $side4 :| Venus : |[* $side4  $k1 ] | |& "
            puts "&| $side5 :| Earth :  |[* $side5  $k1 ] | |&"
            puts "&| $side6 :| Mars : |[* $side6  $k1 ]  | |&"
            puts "&| $side7 :| Jupiter : : |[* $side7  $k1 ]  | |&"
            puts "&| $side8 :| Saturn :  | [* $side8  $k1 ]| |&"
            puts "&| $side9 :| Uranus : | [* $side9  $k1 ] | |&" 
            puts "&| $side10 :| Neptune : | [* $side10  $k1 ] | |&" 
            puts "&| $side11 :| Pluto : | [* $side11  $k1 ] | |&"
            puts "&| $side12 :| extra slot, unk planet? : | [* $side12  $k1 ] | |&"
            puts "&| $side13 :| Ceres : | [* $side13  $k1 ] | |&"
            }
        frame .buttons -bg aquamarine4
        ::ttk::button .calculator -text "Solve" -command { calculate   }
        ::ttk::button .test2 -text "Testcase1" -command {clearx;fillup 1. 1772. 0.40  0.70  1.0  1.6  5.2  10. 19.6}
        ::ttk::button .test3 -text "Testcase2" -command {clearx;fillup 1. 1772. 0.40  0.70  1.0  1.6  5.2  10. 19.6}
        ::ttk::button .test4 -text "Testcase3" -command {clearx;fillup 1. 1772. 0.40  0.70  1.0  1.6  5.2  10. 19.6}
        ::ttk::button .clearallx -text clear -command {clearx }
        ::ttk::button .about -text about -command {about}
        ::ttk::button .self_help -text self_help -command {self_help }
        ::ttk::button .cons -text report -command { reportx }
        ::ttk::button .exit -text exit -command {exit}
        pack .calculator  -in .buttons -side top -padx 10 -pady 5
        pack  .clearallx .cons .self_help .about .exit .test4 .test3 .test2   -side bottom -in .buttons
        grid .frame .buttons -sticky ns -pady {0 10}
               . configure -background aquamarine4 -highlightcolor brown -relief raised -border 30
        wm title . " Planetary  Distances  Using  Titius-Bodes Law V2" 
        # end of working deck
        # add cosmetics below to bottom of file 
        console eval {.console config -bg palegreen}
        console eval {.console config -font {fixed 20 bold}}
        console eval {wm geometry . 40x20}
        console eval {wm title . " Report for  Planetary  Distances  Using  Titius-Bodes Law V2  "}
        console eval {. configure -background orange -highlightcolor brown -relief raised -border 30}
        puts "  Console wrapper for solution proc"
        puts "  ***************************"
        puts "  ***************************"

Scrap code, Pertains to other formulas *

        ;# some authors use different $cc and number scheme
        proc armellini { cc nn  } { expr { $cc**[- $nn 1.] } }
        # generates list for Armellini law
        proc list_a { aa bb cc} { for {set i $aa} {$i<=$bb} {incr i} {lappend boo [ precisionx 4 [expr {  $cc**$i}]]};return $boo} 
        # used in calculations proc
        global golden_ratio_conjugate golden_ratio      
        # golden_ratio used in report comparison
        set golden_ratio_conjugate .6180339887498948420
        set golden_ratio 1.6180339887498948420
        # load in output proc
        global golden_ratio_conjugate golden_ratio 
        puts "  C=1.53, nn = -2 for Mercury, -1, 0=Earth, 1, 2, 3.., 6=gap?..."
        puts " Original Armellini power law had gap? or unassigned slot at Armellini(6) "
        puts "Armellini list constant = 1.53 >>>  [ list_a -2 9 1.53  ]      " 
        puts "Golden Ratio = 1.618,  used for list constant comparison >>> [ list_a -2 9 $golden_ratio  ]  

formula from Sven-Ingmar Ragnarsson, 1994


  2 tiered formula from Sven-Ingmar Ragnarsson, 1994
  expr { 2.825/5  } ;# 0.565   Mercury badly off
  expr { 2.825/4  } ;# 0.70625 Venus
  expr { 2.825/3  } ;# 0.9416  Earth
  expr { 2.825/2  } ;# 1.412  Mars
  expr { 2.825/1  } ;# 2.825  Ceres
  expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**0)  } ;# 5.203  Jupiter
  expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**1)  } ;# 9.584  Saturn
  expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**2)  } ;# 17.653 Uranus
  expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**3)  } ;# 32.51875 Neptune? badly off
  expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**4)  } ;# 59.9 ?  PLuto? badly off


Appendix: One Liner Procs for Modeling Planetary Distances using Titius-Bode Law and other power laws


     #  for starting the adventure  to infinity and beyond.
     #   Titius-Bode set < Earth = 1 ... > as number assignment scheme for planets
     #  The Asteriod Ceres is included on most number assignment schemes
     #  Ceres represents the Asteriod belt between Mars and Jupiter.
     #  The dwarf planet Pluto  is included on most number assignment schemes.
     proc titius_bode_law_1772  {aa } {expr { (4. + 3 * 2**$aa)*.1 } }  #  #  $nn=l for Earth,2,...
     #  Other planet number schemes are for power laws are available here, < Mercury = 1 ...>
     #  from Gaussin (1880) and Armellini (1921)
     proc gaussin_formula_1880  {nn} {expr {0.2099 * (1.7226 ** $nn)} } #  $nn=l for Mercury,2,...9
     proc armellini_formula_1921  {nn} {expr {0.283 * (1.53 ** $nn)} }  #  $nn=l for Mercury,2,...11
     #  very interesting, Nicolini transformed planet number scheme in  Titius_Bode 
     #  to < Mercury = 1 ...>, refer to Nicolini
     proc nicolini_formula_1957  {nn} {expr {0.4 + 0.075 * (2. ** $nn)} }  #  $nn=l for Mercury,2,... 
     proc basano_hughes_formula_1979  {nn} {expr {0.285 * (1.523 ** $nn)} } #  $nn=l for Mercury, 2,...
     #  Sven-Ingmar Ragnarsson, 1994, modeled Jupiter and the outer planets to Uranus, separately. 
     #  See the  Ragnarsson paper, setting these planet assignment numbers is tricky.
     #  $nn=0 for Jupiter, 2 = Saturn, 3 = Uranus ....
     proc ragnarsson_formula_1979  {nn} {expr {5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**$nn) )} } #  $nn=0 for Jupiter, 2 = Saturn,...
     proc list_integers { aa bb} { for {set i 1} {$i<=$bb} {incr i} {lappend boo [* 1. $i ] [*  $i  1.]};return $boo}  
     #  usage, list_integers 1 10
     #  set answer_list_integers = [list 1.0  1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 ]
     proc list_titius_bode  { aa bb} { for {set i 1} {$i<=$bb} {incr i}    {lappend boo [* 1. $i ] [expr { (4. + 3. * 2**$i)*.1}]};if {$i > $bb} {return $boo}}
     #  Usage   list_titius_bode 1 6
     #  set answer [ list 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.6 3.0 2.8 4.0 5.2 5.0 10.0 6.0 19.6]
      proc list_gaussin_formula  { aa bb} { for {set ii 1} {$ii<=$bb} {incr ii} {lappend boo [* 1. $ii ] [expr {0.2099 * (1.7226 ** $ii)} ]};if {$ii > $bb} {return $boo}}
      #  Usage   list_gaussin_formula 1 6
      #  set answer_gaussin [ list 1.0 0.36  2.0 0.62  3.0 1.07  4.0 1.84  5.0 3.18  6.0 5.48 ]
      proc list_armellini_formula  { aa bb} { for {set ii 1} {$ii<=$bb} {incr ii}    {lappend boo [* 1. $ii ] [expr {0.283 * (1.53  ** $ii)}]};if {$ii > $bb} {return $boo}}
      #  Usage  list_armellini_formula 1 7
      #  set answer_armellini [  1.0 0.43 2.0 0.66 3.0 1.013 4.0 1.55 5.0 2.37 6.0 3.63  7.0 5.55 ]


Points for curve fitting


         1                0.39        
         2                0.723       
         3                1.           
         4                1.524       
         6                5.203       
         7                9.539
         8                19.18
         9                30.07
        10                39.482


Hidden Comments Section


Member "jx", "unregistered" public, 14-Jul-2021. Perhaps you might like to write a section about Armellini's formulation? However, I found this almost immediately: "A supposed new law for planetary distances", Badolati, E., The Moon and the Planets, Volume 26, Issue 3, pp.339-341, DOI 10.1007/BF00928016. The letter points out several flaws in this formulation, and suggests that the existing Blagg/Richardson formulation is still the most accurate, and general.


gold 17Jul2021.


Thanks for your feedback. The set of measured planet distances is a non-linear function, which possibly should be modeled in three sections. From the log plots, there appears to be a sine wave or sigmoidal growth function component in the measured planet distances, meaning non-linear S-curve in slang. Again from the log plots, one can see how the power laws or doubling rules like the Titius-Bode formula are breaking down beyond Jupiter and Uranus. The Ragnarsson paper in 1994 showed fair results in modeling Jupiter and the outer planets as a separate section for the non-linear function.


I plotted the Armellini (1921) output. I think Armellini was trying to optimize the Asteroid belt. The outer planets in Armellini are not a reasonable math to the Kepler measured data set, in opinion. I think it would tricky to endorse the Armellini fit, other than to point out the Armellini formula is breaking down for outer planets. I think Badolati is giving some sound advice in letter.


I am primarily looking for simpler numeric algorithms that I am able to program or improve into the TCL calculator gui ( with my limited skill set). In opinion, the Blagg/Richardson formulation with the secondary corrective oscillation function looks like some real expert hand waving to this engineer.


Please include your wiki MONIKER and date in your comment with the same courtesy that I will give you. Thanks, gold 12Aug2020