This is an empty page. Enter page contents here, upload content using the button above, or click cancel to leave it empty. <>Enter Category Here Sumerian Paint & Bitumen Coating and eTCL Slot Calculator Demo Example **Sumerian Paint & Bitumen Coating and eTCL Slot Calculator Demo Example** This page is under development. Comments are welcome, but please load any comments in the comments section at the bottom of the page. Please include your wiki MONIKER in your comment with the same courtesy that I will give you. Its very hard to reply intelligibly without some background of the correspondent. Thanks,[gold] ---- <> [gold] Here is some eTCL starter code for calculating materials for ancient Sumerian painters, waterproofing roof crews, and floor pavement crews. The impetus for these calculations was checking prices and materials in some cuneiform texts and modern replicas. Most of the testcases involve replicas or models, using assumptions and rules of thumb. Some order of magnitude calculations were made for a trial Sumerian house of 2300 BCE, with many assumptions. The Orchard House was 30.11 meters long, 11.5 meters wide, and walls 3 meters high with a surface area of 30.11*11.5, or 346.6 square meters. As constructed, the front wall was 10.45 meters and back wall was 11.5 meters, presumably the difference of (11.5-10.45) or 1 meter was the threshold or entrance. One side of the house was extended as a garden wall. For the Orchard House, the ratio of wall length to width was 30.33/11.5 , 2.618:1, or rounding 3:1. For an initial cut of the wall volume using hand calculation, the total wall volume would be the sum of the front wall L*H*T (11.5*3*0.33), the rear wall(11.5*3*0.33), side wall (30.11*3*0.33), and second side wall (30.11*3*0.33). The eTCL calculations make the assumption that all bricks are of the "2/3 cubit" burned brick type. The garden wall would enclose 60*60 sq. meters or 4*60 perimeter of square iku, based on modern assumptions. Using an assumption that the wall thickness of the Orchard House was 0.33 meters, the eTCL calculated a wall volume of 77.7 cubic meters. If the "2/3 cubit" burned brick was used, the total number was 8924 bricks. The estimated workforce was 2 foremen (salary of 50 liters), one junior scribe (10 liters), 56 craftsmen (10 liters), and 16 subsistence men (0.5 liter). While the number of bricks has not observed on any receipt, the estimated workdays for making bricks would be 8924/240 or 37.2 workdays, within the nominal workforce for one day. The estimated workdays for digging clay for bricks would be 77.7/3 or 25.9 workdays, within the nominal workforce for one day. Presumably, the bulk of the bricks were made on site, but the available text doesn't state so. For comparison, the average Sumerian mudbrick house was about 90 sq. meters, and the average room size was 3 meters width by 3.65 meters length,3* 3.65, or about 10.95 square meters. The Sumerian mudbrick houses generally contained rooms of 11 square meters built around a central courtyard. For the Orchard House, the general guidelines suggest about 6 rooms (3*3.6 m.) on both sides of a central courtyard about 5 meters wide. The bare walls and roof of Orchard House have been raised in 2300 BCE, as a concept. Now, 1) the exterior walls have to be waterproofed with bitumen, 2) the interior walls have to be painted with red, yellow, white, and black, 3) the interior floors have to be paved with bitumen, and 4) roof and beams have to be waterproofed with bitumen. All this will require an eTCL calculator that makes an estimate of a rectangular surface area, calculates the appropriate film thickness or application thickness from a Sumerian coefficient, and then calculates the required paint or bitumen in liters. The price of paint, bitumen, and labor can be estimated from the URIII equivalency lists circa 2300 BCE. The astronomers of Babylon were kind enough to forward weather reports and price lists for their era, circa 1900 BCE. The Bry formula takes a Sumerian coefficient and estimates the application thickness of yellow paint, bitumen, butter oil etc. The film thickness in centimeters equals (1/coeff.)*0.4977*100. Once the film thickness (T) is estimated, the volume of paint or bitumen is estimated as L*W*T and converted into liters. The Sumerians originally developed this formula for .... water irrigation of barley fields! So after the painters and floor pavers are set to work in the heat of the sun, one can jump into the cool irrigation canal and find some examples of water irrigation for the eTCL calculator. The customary procedure is find a testcase and make some trial calculations with the handheld calculator, the eTCL green calculator console, or the google expression calculator. Folks with weak eyes or small screens might want to try the large print numerals of the green calculator on [gold]. Hereafter, eTCL notation will be used, which can be pasted into the green console window. The first testcase is calculating the thickness and volume of bitumen coating on the floor of an average Sumerian house. The average Sumerian mudbrick house for a free craftsman was about 90 sq. meters or about 3 sars rounded. Taking an average from an excavation report, the square root can be used to develop house length and width for the eTCL calculator, L = [sqrt 90.] and W = [sqrt 90.]. In the crowded cities, most of these rectangular quarters shared common walls and looked somewhat like apartment buildings of one story. Using easy non-prime numbers for the wall lengths, the rectangular house would be length of 12 meters and width of 8 meters. the surface area would be [* 12 8], 96 sq meters, or [/ 96. 32.], exactly 3 sars. With a bitumen coefficient of 16, the Bry formula estimates the thickness of the bitumen floor as [* 0.4977 100. [/ 1. 16. ]] or 3.11 centimeters. The volume of the bitumen would be the area of the floor times the bitumen thickness as [* 12. 100. 8. 100. 3.11 ] or 2.99E6 cc. The bitumen coating would be [* 2.99E6 .001] or 2990 liters. In UrIII, the price of bitumen was 1 silver piece for 2 barig or 120 liter as [/ 2990 120. ] or 24.9 silver pieces. For comparison, the eTCL calculator returns a surface area of 96 sq. meters and a coating volume of 2986 liters. The second testcase is calculating the thickness and volume of bitumen coating on the floor of the Orchard House. The Orchard House was 30.11 meters long by 11.5 meters wide. The surface area would be [* 30.11 11.5 ] or 346.265 square meters. The generic Bry formula is (1/coeff.)*0.4977*100. With a bitumen coefficient of 15, the Bry formula estimates the thickness of the bitumen floor as [* 0.4977 100. [/ 1. 15. ]] or 3.317 centimeters. In cubic centimeters, the volume of the bitumen would be the area of the floor times the bitumen thickness as [* 30.11 100. 11.5 100. 3.317 ] or 1.14E7 cc. Converting into liters, the bitumen coating would be [* 1.14E7 .001] or 1.14E4 liters. In UrIII, the price of bitumen was 1 silver piece for 2 barig or 120 liter as [/ 3317 300. ] or 27.6 silver pieces. For comparison, the eTCL calculator returns a surface area of 346 sq. meters and a coating volume of 1.1E4 liters. The third testcase is calculating the thickness and volume of bitumen coating on the floor of an average small room of L/H 3.65/3 meters. The surface area is [* 3.65 3.] or 10.95 sq. meters. The bitumen coating is [* 0.4977 100. [/ 1. 15]] or 3.3 cm. For comparison, the eTCL calculator returns a surface area of 10.95 sq. meters and a coating thickness of 3.318 cm, and a coating volume of 363 liters. The fourth testcase is calculating the thickness and volume of yellow orpiment paint on an interior wall of the Orchard House. Orpiment paint is a yellow pigment that probably is a mixture of pigment and butter oil. The interior wall was 3.65 meters long by 3 meters height. The surface area would be [* 3.65 3. ] or 10.95 square meters. With a orpiment coefficient of 54, the Bry formula estimates the thickness of the bitumen floor as [* 0.4977 100. [/ 1. 54]] or 0.92 centimeters. In cubic centimeters, the volume of the orpiment paint would be the area of the floor times the bitumen thickness as [* 3.65 100. 3. 100. 0.92] or 1.0E5 cc. Converting into liters, the orpiment coating would be [* 1.0E5 .001] or 100 liters. In UrIII, the price of orpiment was 1 silver piece for 600(?) manas or 298 kilograms. However, the eTCL calculator is fixed at the value of bitumen, giving [/ 100 120. ] or 0.83 silver pieces. For comparison, the eTCL calculator returns a surface area of 10.95 sq. meters and a coating thickness of 0.92 cm, and a coating volume of 363 liters. From the coefficient lists, known coatings range in thickness from orpiment at 0.92 cm to one instance of bitumen at 4.2 cm. In the tables below, various substances are listed with numbers from the coefficient lists, but not all substances may use the Bry equation. *** Pseudocode and Equations *** ====== Bry formula thickness = (1/coeff.)*0.4977*100 volume = [* length width thickness] # meters,meters,centimeters volume in cubic centimeters = [* length 100. width 100. thickness] Sumerian price in silver = [/ liters 120.] Sumerian price in liters grain = [* silver 300.] # 1 silver piece = 1 gur = 300 liters of grain liters = [* volume_in_cubic_cm .001] price? = raw materials + labor + profit price? = raw materials + heat process price? = raw materials + labor average price per unit = revenue / units sold ====== *** Table 1, Bitumen Coefficients and Prices*** %| Bitumen Coefficients and Prices|| | |% &| includes prices| & equivalencies | from | different regions and eras|& &| coefficient | transliterated | english | possible decimal /fraction |& &| 15 | igi.gub.esiri.e | coefficient refined pitch | 15/60 |& &| 16 | igi.gub.esiri |coefficient raw pitch | 16/60 |& &| 15 | ssa esiri |coefficient pitch| 15/60 |& &| 12 | ssa esiri | coefficient (refined?) pitch | 12/60 |& &| 10 45 06 | ssa ina ki-ri-im | coefficient (refined?) pitch | 0.1794 |& &| 15 | ssa esiri ? | coefficient (raw?) pitch | 15/60 |& &| 15 | ssa esiri-e-aIt | coefficient refined pitch | 15/60 |& &|2.5 | barig (of) esir-e-a | price wet pitch | 2.5 barig for 1 shekel , URIII |& &|10 | gu (of) esir-had | price dry pitch | 10 gu for 1 shekel , URIII |& &|12 | gu (of) esir-had | price dry pitch | 12 gu for 1 shekel, URIII |& &|4 | ban (of) esir-had | price dry pitch | 4 ban for 1 shekel, Babylon 1900 BC |& Note: esir-e-a (literally, bitumen watery) measured by barrels ( or jars) of 60 liters eq. esir-had (literally, bitumen dry) measured by weights of 30 kilogram (manload). Any coefficient calculation would have to account for units of wet volume (SE system S* for wet capacity) or dry weight (EN system E) ---- *** Table 2, Pigment and Dye Coefficients, includes prices & equivalencies*** %| Paint, Pigment, and Dye Coefficients | table | printed in| tcl wiki format|% &| includes prices & equivalencies || from | different regions and eras|& &| quantity| coef. | film thickness cm| comment, if any|& &| orpiment | 54|0.922 |yellow pigment|& &| madder | 20|2.488 | reddish dye from plant, possible ringer?|& &| gypsum | 11_08|4.52??? | white pigment?, possible ringer?|& &| tallow | 20| 2.488| also, butter oil|& &| water | 48|1.03687 | used in irrigation |& ---- ***Testcases Section*** In planning any software, it is advisable to gather a number of testcases to check the results of the program. The math for the testcases can be checked by pasting statements in the TCL console. Aside from the TCL calculator display, when one presses the report button on the calculator, one will have console show access to the capacity functions (subroutines). **** Testcase 1 **** %| Sumerian math problem to metric | table printed in| tcl wiki format|% &| nearly | average| Sumerian house |& &| quantity| value| comment, if any|& &| testcase number| 3||& &| length meters:| 12. ||& &| width meters:| 8.||& &| Sumerian paint/coating coefficient:| 15.0||& &| answers: total surface area m*m :| 96.0 ||& &| paint/bitumen film thickness cm:| 3.3179|thickness of floor coating|& &| paint volume liters:| 3185.279 ||& &| value in silver :| 26.543 ||& **** Testcase 2 **** %| Orchard House| table printed in| tcl wiki format|% &| princely quality house | built for the lugal| mighty or great man|& &| quantity| value| comment, if any|& &| testcase number| 2||& &| length meters:| 30.11 ||& &| width meters:| 11.5||& &| Sumerian paint/coating coefficient:| 15.0||& &| answers: total surface area m*m :| 346.265 ||& &| paint/bitumen film thickness cm:| 3.317|thickness of floor coating|& &| paint volume liters:| 11489.072 ||& &| value in silver :| 95.742 ||& **** Testcase 3 **** %| average room in Orchard House| table printed in| tcl wiki format|% &| quantity| value| comment, if any|& &| testcase number| 3||& &| length meters:| 3.65 ||& &| width meters:| 3.0||& &| Sumerian paint/coating coefficient:| 15.||& &| answers: total surface area m*m :| 10.95 ||& &| paint/bitumen film thickness cm:| 3.317|thickness of floor coating|& &| paint volume liters:| 363.320 ||& &| value in silver :| 3.027 ||& **** Testcase 4 **** %| yellow paint on wall of average (small) room|table printed in| tcl wiki format|% &| quantity| value| comment, if any|& &| testcase number| 2||& &| length meters:| 3.65 |considered average room|& &| width meters:| 3.|considered average room|& &| Sumerian paint/coating coefficient:| 54.0|thiness film known in coef. texts|& &| answers: total surface area m*m :| 10.95 ||& &| paint/bitumen film thickness cm:| 0.921| thiness film known in coef. texts|& &| paint volume liters:| 100.922 ||& &| value in silver :| 0.8410 ||& ---- ***Screenshots Section*** ****figure 1.**** [http://s10.postimg.org/o06sn7kex/Image261.gif] ---- ***References:*** * the Bitumen Works, [Sumerian Coefficients at the Bitumen Works and eTCL Slot Calculator Demo Example edit] * Cities of the Ancient World: [https://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/WCITI2.html] * major paper in understandable prose,Equivalency Values and the Command Economy * Robert Englund, UCLA [cdli.ucla.edu/staff/englund/publications/englund2012a.pdf] * Ur III Tablets in the Valdosta State University, search on cdli * Cuneiform Digital Library Journal, search on Equivalency Values * Ur III Equivalency Values[http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/doku.php?id=ur_iii_equivalency_values] * Especially, the Ur III Equivalency Values for esir a and esir had sections. * The Sumerian keywords -bi, esir, and had search on the cdli * are very effective, but major size files to download * Mathematical Coefficients of Bitumen, Paul BRY NABU(01-2002)7, in French ---- **Appendix Code** ***appendix TCL programs and scripts *** ====== # pretty print from autoindent and ased editor # Sumerian paint calculator # written on Windows XP on eTCL # working under TCL version 8.5.6 and eTCL 1.0.1 # gold on TCL WIKI , 2may2014 package require Tk namespace path {::tcl::mathop ::tcl::mathfunc} frame .frame -relief flat -bg aquamarine4 pack .frame -side top -fill y -anchor center set names {{} { length meters:} } lappend names { width meters:} lappend names { coefficient : } lappend names {answers: total surface area m*m: } lappend names { paint/bitumen film thickness cm:} lappend names { paint volume liters:} lappend names { value in silver:} foreach i {1 2 3 4 5 6 7} { label .frame.label$i -text [lindex $names $i] -anchor e entry .frame.entry$i -width 35 -textvariable side$i grid .frame.label$i .frame.entry$i -sticky ew -pady 2 -padx 1 } proc about {} { set msg "Calculator for Sumerian Paint & Bitumen Coating from TCL WIKI, written on eTCL " tk_messageBox -title "About" -message $msg } proc calculate { } { global answer2 global side1 side2 side3 side4 side5 global side6 side7 testcase_number incr testcase_number set length $side1 set width $side2 set coefficient $side3 set side4 [* $side1 $side2 ] set totsurfacearea $side4 set thickness [* 0.4977 100. [/ 1. $side3 ]] set side5 $thickness set volpaint [* $side1 100. $side2 100. $thickness] set volpaint [* $volpaint .001] set side6 $volpaint set silver [* 1. [/ $volpaint 120.]] set side7 $silver } proc fillup {aa bb cc dd ee ff gg} { .frame.entry1 insert 0 "$aa" .frame.entry2 insert 0 "$bb" .frame.entry3 insert 0 "$cc" .frame.entry4 insert 0 "$dd" .frame.entry5 insert 0 "$ee" .frame.entry6 insert 0 "$ff" .frame.entry7 insert 0 "$gg"} proc clearx {} { foreach i {1 2 3 4 5 6 7} { .frame.entry$i delete 0 end } } proc reportx {} { global side1 side2 side3 side4 side5 global side6 side7 testcase_number console show; puts "%| table |printed in| tcl wiki format|% " puts "&| quantity| value| comment, if any|& " puts "&| testcase number| $testcase_number||& " puts "&| length meters:| $side1 ||&" puts "&| width meters:| $side2||& " puts "&| Sumerian paint/coating coefficient:| $side3||& " puts "&| answers: total surface area m*m :| $side4 ||&" puts "&| paint/bitumen film thickness cm:| $side5||& " puts "&| paint volume liters:| $side6 ||&" puts "&| value in silver :| $side7 ||&" } frame .buttons -bg aquamarine4 ::ttk::button .calculator -text "Solve" -command { calculate } ::ttk::button .test2 -text "Testcase1" -command {clearx;fillup 12. 8. 15.0 96.1 3.318 3185. 26.5 } ::ttk::button .test3 -text "Testcase2" -command {clearx;fillup 30.11 11.5 15.0 346.2 1150.0 3250. 38. } ::ttk::button .test4 -text "Testcase3" -command {clearx;fillup 3.65 3.0 15. 10.9 3.3 363.3 1.2} ::ttk::button .clearallx -text clear -command {clearx } ::ttk::button .about -text about -command about ::ttk::button .cons -text report -command { reportx } ::ttk::button .exit -text exit -command {exit} pack .calculator -in .buttons -side top -padx 10 -pady 5 pack .clearallx .cons .about .exit .test4 .test3 .test2 -side bottom -in .buttons grid .frame .buttons -sticky ns -pady {0 10} . configure -background aquamarine4 -highlightcolor brown -relief raised -border 30 wm title . "Sumerian Paint & Bitumen Coating Calculator" ====== *** Pushbutton Operation*** ---- For the push buttons, the recommended procedure is push testcase and fill frame, change first three entries etc, push solve, and then push report. Report allows copy and paste from console, but takes away from computer "efficiency". For testcases in a computer session, the eTCL calculator increments a new testcase number internally, eg. TC(1), TC(2) , TC(3) , TC(N). The testcase number is internal to the calculator and will not be printed until the report button is pushed for the current result numbers (which numbers will be cleared on the next solve button.) The command { calculate; reportx } or { calculate ; reportx; clearx } can be added or changed to report automatically, but is not recommended as computer efficiency is impaired. Another wrinkle would be to print out the current text, delimiters, and numbers in a TCL wiki style table as ====== puts " %| testcase $testcase_number | value| units |comment |%" puts " &| volume| $volume| cubic meters |based on length $side1 and width $side2 |&" ====== ---- ---- **Comments Section** <> Please place any comments here, Thanks. <> Numerical Analysis | Toys | Calculator | Mathematics| Example