Complex numbers are an extension to the number space providing solutions for square roots of negative numbers.

The basic constant of complex numbers is '''i''' which is defined as solution of sqrt(-1).

If real numbers are thought as a line of infinite length, then the '''imaginary numbers''' (multiples of '''i''') are on a line by the location of 0 on real numbers' line, rotated by pi/4 (or 90 degrees). Both lines define a '''plane''' of complex numbers. A complex number can hence be imagined as a pair of
 {real imaginary}
components.

[DKF]: They can also be described using "polar coordinates" (i.e. angle and magnitude) which is a format that makes multiplication, division, exponentiation and (simple) root-finding much simpler.
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See also 
   * [Complex math made simple]
   * [Complex math with TOOT]
   * [Straightforward implementation of complex numbers]

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