Documentation for Tk's toplevel command can be found at http://purl.org/tcl/home/man/tcl8.5/TkCmd/toplevel.htm
The toplevel . is created when Tk is initialized.
DKF notes that, "toplevels on UNIX/X are really a collection of several windows; the window you draw on (which is what winfo id will tell you), another window for a menubar (if you've installed one) and a third one to contain the other two. If you do xwininfo -tree you should be able to find out what's really going on."
LV some users of X and the Metacity window manager have reported frustration when new toplevels fail to be raised. A comment on the Debian tcltk-devel mailing list pointing to [L1 ] indicates that if one adds
wm group $w .
after creating toplevel $w, Metacity will raise the windows as expected. Another comment that appeared in the thread indicated that one needed to "... provide a way to send _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW (and with a correct timestamp!)" when trying to "bring this window to user's attention".
Martin Lemburg: How can I detect if a widget is a toplevel? If I ask a widget for its class, this will fail e.g. at the root widget, because it doesn't return "Toplevel", but "Wish83". And toplevels could be given a class differing from "Toplevel" during their creation. So ... how can I detect a toplevel?
[winfo toplevel .]
returns . whereas
[winfo toplevel .someothertoplevel]
returns .someothertoplevel
MGS - In other words:
proc istoplevel {W} { return [string equal [winfo toplevel $W] $W] }
MGS [2003/05/08] - Actually, does a menu count as a toplevel? Probably not (in many cases). So how about this? Toplevels can have a -menu option ...
proc isToplevel {W} { return [expr {[string equal [winfo toplevel $W] $W] && ![catch {$W cget -menu}]}] }
Q. How can I get widget path of all my toplevel windows ?
MGS [2003/08/02] - There is no automatic way, so have to do the work yourself. Try this proc for starters:
proc toplist {{W .}} { set list {} if { [string equal [winfo toplevel $W] $W] } { lappend list $W } foreach w [winfo children $W] { set list [concat $list [toplist $w]] } return $list }
Then you can use:
set tplist [toplist]
for a list of all toplevel windows (NOTE: this includes menus as well as strict toplevel windows)
set tplist [[toplist .toplevel]]
for a list of toplevel windows which are descendants of window .toplevel
MG Aug 31 2004 - That isn't quite true; your [toplist] there doesn't include the window '.' . This should give a complete list of toplevels...
proc toplist2 {} { set list {} foreach x ". [winfo children .]" { if { $x eq [winfo toplevel $x] && [catch {$x cget -tearoff}] } { lappend list $x } } return $list; };# toplist2
MGS Er, yes it does (include window '.').
RS notes that:
if { [string equal [winfo toplevel $W] $W] } {
can, using expr string comparison, be simplified to
if {[winfo toplevel $W] eq $W} {
Note: This require Tk 8.4+
MGS [2003/08/24] - Of course there's always wm stackorder, but it only returns mapped windows.
How does one delete a toplevel?
MG Aug 30th 2004 - Just destroy it, with
destroy $toplevelWindow
Recently on a mailing list someone asked why, when they created a toplevel, that it did not automatically go away when they clicked on the close button/right click and chose close/etc.
Their code was
wm withdraw . destroy .w set t [toplevel .w] wm title $t "main pgm"
The response provided was they would need to also add something like
wm protocol .w WM_DELETE_WINDOW exit
and the following was suggested as an alternative
wm protocol .w WM_DELETE_WINDOW { if {[tk_messageBox -parent . -title "Close?" -icon question \ -type yesno -default no -message "Do You want to close this\ window"] == yes} { exit } }
Note: Any destroy of the main window (aka .) exits the application. There are some other Windows-Events to handle with this, like window size change ...
See also: