RBR - Inspired by Menus Even Easier, I decided to modify the code a bit to put it in its own namespace to avoid stepping on some common names, e.g., push. Here is the new code, the example in Menus Even Easier should still work with this, provided you do a namespace import ::mm::* (see namespace [L1 ]) which will import only the mm command itself.
Version 1.7 fixes the use of -parent . for the menubar by just dropping it. The parent is '.' by default anyway. It also fixes the check for toplevel-ness of the -parent widget. Got rid of -cmd and -label options special handling since the underlying widget can handle them more correctly and completely. The -cmd is really just an alias for -command (in the original) and you now must use -command.
Version 1.6 fixes a problem with checkbuttons that have multi-word labels and adds the ability to specify -value so that checkbutton values are independent of their labels. I also made the help menu recognized as a special menu, unix-style. This is arguably the wrong thing to do since it is not behaving in the appropriate platform special mode. I also added a -parent specification for the menu keyword to make the menu a menubar for an arbitrary toplevel widget.
Version 1.4 adds the ability to specify arbitrary options to the underlying widgets, e.g., -underline and -accelerator. An example follows the code for tkMenuMgr.
There are still some things to be added, and some potential gotchas. First, I've done away with special handling of -cmd and -label. You will have to take anything that used -cmd and change it to -command. Both -command and -label are handled by the underlying widgetI'd like to do away with the special treatment of -cmd, -var, and anything else that can be handled via the underlying widget. Second, commands must be specified as strings due to the way the mm command is parsed. I'm sure there are some others I can't think of right now. Send me email (mailto:[email protected] ) if you have a suggestion. I'm actively using this and still tweaking my copy, so I may have already incorporated the change....
# # Copyright © 2002, Larry Smith # Copyright © 2002–2003 Roland B. Roberts <[email protected]> # # RCS Revision # @@(#) $Id: 4710,v 1.27 2005-11-26 07:00:28 jcw Exp $ # $Source: /home/kennykb/Tcl/wiki/cvsroot/twhist/4710,v $ # # KNOWN LIMITATIONS # o Can't use -when with the top-most menu buttons. This is not a # big deal except when trying to imitate some stylistically challenged # Windows applications. # # WISH LIST # o Make -accelerator recognized and automatically generate the # keystroke bindings required to invoke the command. # package provide tkMenuMgr [lindex [regexp -inline {,v ([0-9.]+) } {@(#) $Id: 4710,v 1.27 2005-11-26 07:00:28 jcw Exp $}] 1] namespace eval mm { # Create an entire menu hierachy from a description. It can # control all functions in the hierachy, enabling them and # disabling them as your program changes state. Keeps torn-off # menus in sync with home menu. namespace export mm variable stack "" variable funclist "" variable menulist "" variable indxlist "" variable toplist "" variable nextwidget 0 variable torn } namespace eval ::mm::stack { } ################################################################# # # # __ _ _ _ _ # # / _\ |_ __ _ ___| | _____ /\/\ ___ __| |_ _| | ___ # # \ \| __/ _` |/ __| |/ / __| / \ / _ \ / _` | | | | |/ _ \ # # _\ \ || (_| | (__| <\__ \ / /\/\ \ (_) | (_| | |_| | | __/ # # \__/\__\__,_|\___|_|\_\___/ \/ \/\___/ \__,_|\__,_|_|\___| # # # ################################################################# proc ::mm::stack::height { stack } { upvar $stack s return [ llength $s ] } proc ::mm::stack::push { stack str } { upvar $stack s lappend s $str } proc ::mm::stack::pull { stack } { upvar $stack s if { $s == "" } return "" set result [ lindex $s end ] set s [ lreplace $s end end ] return $result } proc ::mm::stack::peek { stack } { upvar $stack s if { $s == "" } return "" return [ lindex $s end ] } # returns the entire stack as a pathname using the # given separator. The last argument can be "prefix", # "suffix" or both, and indicates whether the separator # will precede the pathname, follow the pathname, or # both, resulting in .a.b.c, a.b.c. or .a.b.c. proc ::mm::stack::pathname { stack { separator "." } { how prefix } } { upvar $stack s set result "" if { "$how" != "suffix" } { foreach n $s { append result $separator $n } } else { foreach n $s { append result $n $separator } } if { "$how" == "both" } { append result $separator } return $result } proc ::mm::stack::pushpath { stack pathname { separator "." } } { upvar $stack s set s [ split $pathname $separator ] if { [ lindex $s 0 ] == "" } { set s [ lreplace $s 0 0 ] } } ################################################################# # # # _ _ # # /\/\ ___ _ __ _ _ /\/\ ___ __| |_ _| | ___ # # / \ / _ \ '_ \| | | | / \ / _ \ / _` | | | | |/ _ \ # # / /\/\ \ __/ | | | |_| | / /\/\ \ (_) | (_| | |_| | | __/ # # \/ \/\___|_| |_|\__,_| \/ \/\___/ \__,_|\__,_|_|\___| # # # ################################################################# # returns a string for the next widget name proc ::mm::GetName { } { variable nextwidget set result w$nextwidget incr nextwidget return $result } # Scans for -foo "str" pairs and converts them into variable/value # pairs in the surrounding scope - i.e. -foo "str" becomes "foo" with # a value of "str" in the calling routine. # Returns a list of switches which are NOT "when", "init", or "var". proc ::mm::DoSwitches { args } { upvar $args arglist set rest {} set max [ llength $arglist ] if { $max == 1 } { # braced set of args eval set arglist $arglist set max [ llength $arglist ] } # puts "arglist => $arglist" for { set i 0 } { $i <= $max } { } { set s [ lindex $arglist $i ] if { [ string index $s 0 ] == "-" } { set var [ string range $s 1 end ] incr i if { $i < $max } { set val [ lindex $arglist $i ] if { [ string index $val 0 ] != "-" } { uplevel 1 set $var \{$val\} switch -exact $var { when - init - var {} default { lappend rest $s $val } } continue } } uplevel 1 set $var 1 } incr i } # puts "rest => $rest" return $rest } proc ::mm::SplitSwitchesAndCommands { args } { set switches {} set rest {} set max [ llength $args ] if { $max == 1 } { # braced set of args eval set args $args set max [ llength $args ] } for { set i 0 } { $i <= $max } { } { set s [ lindex $args $i ] if { [ string index $s 0 ] == "-" } { incr i if { $i < $max } { set val [ lindex $args $i ] if { [ string index $val 0 ] != "-" } { lappend switches $s $val } } } elseif { [ string length $s ] > 0 } { lappend rest $s } incr i } return [list $switches [lindex $rest 0]] } # Removes and returns the 1st element of a list proc ::mm::First { args } { upvar $args arglist set rtn [ lindex $arglist 0 ] set arglist [ lreplace $arglist 0 0 ] return $rtn } # called when a menu is torn off, saves the name # of the torn-off menu so entries on it are con- # trolled like regular menu entries. proc ::mm::TearOffControl { parent newwidget } { variable torn if { [ info exists torn($parent) ] == 0 } { set torn($parent) "" } ::mm::stack::push torn($parent) $newwidget } # returns list of menus torn off of this main one. proc ::mm::GetTearOffs { parent } { variable torn if { [ info exists torn($parent) ] == 1 } { return $torn($parent) } else { return "" } } # removes a torn-off menu that no longer exists. proc ::mm::DeleteTearOffs { parent w } { variable torn set i [ lsearch -exact $torn($parent) $w ] set torn($parent) [lreplace torn($parent) $i $i] } proc ::mm::SetState { active widget index } { if { $active } { $widget entryconfigure $index -state normal } else { $widget entryconfigure $index -state disabled } } proc ::mm::SaveControl { widget when index } { variable menulist variable funclist variable indxlist ::mm::stack::push menulist $widget ::mm::stack::push funclist $when ::mm::stack::push indxlist $index } # the menu mgr proper proc ::mm::mm { keyword args } { variable stack variable menulist variable funclist variable indxlist if { "$keyword" == "menubar" } { # FIXME: This is wrong if -parent was specified. However, it # will always be the case that .w0 is the _relative_ path from # widget specified in -parent. return ".w0" } elseif { "$keyword" == "menu" } { # mm menu - defines a new menu set label [ First args ] foreach {switches body} [ ::mm::SplitSwitchesAndCommands $args ] {} if {[set idx [lsearch $switches {-parent}]] >= 0} { if {![string equal [lindex $switches [expr {1+$idx}]] .]} { set parent [lindex $switches [expr {1+$idx}]] if {![string equal [winfo toplevel $parent] $parent]} { puts stderr "winfo toplevel $parent ==> [winfo toplevel $parent]" error "***FATAL: -parent $parent specifies a non-Toplevel widget" exit } } else { incr idx } variable nextwidget set nextwidget 0 set name [string range "[lindex $switches [expr {1+$idx}]].[GetName]" 1 end] if {$idx > 0} { set pfx [lrange $switches 0 [expr {$idx-1}]] } else { set pfx {} } if {$idx < [expr {[llength $switches]-1}]} { set sfx [lrange $switches [expr {$idx+2}] end] } else { set sfx {} } set switches [eval {lappend $pfx} $sfx] } elseif {[string compare -nocase $label help] == 0} { set name help } else { set name [ GetName ] } # check to see if menu is on menubar or is cascade # from pulldown and create owner accordingly set pathname [::mm::stack::pathname stack] # puts "name => $name" # puts "pathname => $pathname" if { [ ::mm::stack::height stack ] == 0 } { ::mm::stack::push stack $name # frame [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] -relief raised -borderwidth 3 -height 30 -width 300 # pack [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] -side left -fill x -side top eval {menu [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] -tearoffcommand [namespace code TearOffControl ]} $switches set parent [ winfo parent [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] ] $parent config -menu [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] # eval {[ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] add cascade -label $label -menu [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ].$name} $switches } else { # if { [ ::mm::stack::height stack ] == 1 } { # ::mm::stack::push stack $name # eval {menubutton [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] -menu [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ].menu -text $label} $switches # if {[string compare $name help] == 0} { # pack [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] -side right -fill x # } else { # pack [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] -side left -fill x # } # ::mm::stack::push stack menu # menu [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] -tearoffcommand [ namespace code TearOffControl ] # } else { menu [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ].$name -tearoffcommand [namespace code TearOffControl ] eval {[ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] add cascade -label $label -menu [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ].$name} $switches ::mm::stack::push stack $name # } } eval $body ::mm::stack::pull stack # if { [ ::mm::stack::height stack ] == 2 } { # ::mm::stack::pull stack # } # if { [ ::mm::stack::height stack ] == 0 } { mm update } } elseif { "$keyword" == "func" } { # mm func - defines a function a menu can refer to # if { [ ::mm::stack::height stack ] < 3 } { # error "***FATAL: func must occur within menu" # exit # } set when "" # puts "args => $args" set rest [DoSwitches args] eval {[ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] add command} $rest SaveControl [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] $when [ [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] index end ] } elseif { "$keyword" == "toggle" } { # mm toggle - insert a settable boolean in menu set when "" set var "" set cmd "" set init 0 set rest [DoSwitches args] eval {[ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] add checkbutton -variable \ $var -onvalue 1 -offvalue 0 -selectcolor black} $rest if {$var == "" } { if {[set idx [lsearch $rest -variable]] >= 0} { set var [lindex $rest [expr {$idx+1}]] } else { error "-init specified, but no variable named" } } uplevel \#0 set $var $init SaveControl [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] $when [ [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] index end ] } elseif { "$keyword" == "check" } { # mm check - insert a radio selector in menu set when "" set var "" set cmd "" set init 0 set rest [DoSwitches args] eval {[ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] add radiobutton -variable \ $var -value $label -selectcolor black} $rest if { $init } { if {$var == "" } { if {[set idx [lsearch $rest -variable]] >= 0} { set var [lindex $rest [expr {$idx+1}]] } else { error "-init specified, but no variable named" } } if {[set idx [lsearch $rest -value]] >= 0} { uplevel \#0 set $var [lindex $rest [expr {$idx+1}]] } else { uplevel \#0 set $var \{$label\} } } SaveControl [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] $when [ [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] index end ] } elseif { "$keyword" == "separator" } { # mm separator - inserts a horizontal rule in menu [ ::mm::stack::pathname stack ] add separator } elseif { "$keyword" == "control" } { # mm control - puts a non-menu widget under mm state control set widget [ First args ] set when "" set cmd "" DoSwitches args SaveControl $widget $when "" mm update } elseif { "$keyword" == "update" } { # mm update - updates all controlled widgets according to # state control expressions current values. set max [ ::mm::stack::height funclist ] for { set i 0 } { $i < $max } { incr i } { set this_menu [ lindex $menulist $i ] set ctrl [ lindex $funclist $i ] set index [ lindex $indxlist $i ] set active 1 if { "$ctrl" != "" } { set active [ uplevel \#0 expr $ctrl ] } if { "$index" == "" } { if { $active } { $this_menu configure -state normal } else { $this_menu configure -state disabled } } else { foreach widget $this_menu { SetState $active $widget $index set torn [ GetTearOffs $widget ] if { "$torn" != "" } { foreach w $torn { set result [ catch { SetState $active $w [ expr $index - 1 ] } ] if { $result != 0 } { DeleteTearOffs $widget $w } } } } } } } update }
Below is the example code from Menus Even Easier with the following changes:
package require tkMenuMgr
namespace import ::mm::*
set fileopen 0
set filemod 0
mm menu Top {
mm menu File {
mm func {
-label "New"
-command { set fileopen 1; mm update }
-when { !$fileopen }
}
mm func {
-label "Open..."
-command { set fileopen 1; mm update }
-when { !$fileopen }
}
mm separator
mm func {
-label "Save"
-when { $fileopen && $filemod }
-command { set filemod 0; mm update }
}
mm func {
-label "Save As..."
-when { $fileopen && $filemod }
-command { set filemod 0; mm update }
}
mm func {
-label "Close"
-when { $fileopen }
-command { set fileopen 0; mm update }
}
mm separator
mm func -label "Quit" -command { exit }
}
mm menu Test {
mm func {
-label "Modify State"
-command { set filemod 1; mm update }
}
mm separator
mm check {
-label "First"
-var selection
}
mm check {
-label "Second"
-var selection
-init 1
}
mm check {
-label "Third"
-var selection
}
}
mm menu Options {
mm toggle {
-label "Flag 1"
-var flag1
-init 1
}
mm toggle {
-label "Flag 2"
-var flag2
-init 0
}
}
}
while 1 {
vwait selection
puts "selection is now: $selection"
}DKF - Making accelerators work automatically is non-trivial; getting the mapping between characters and keys is very tricky indeed! However, I've found that it is easier if you go from the binding to the accelerator string, and not the other way round. You can then even do tricks like making the bindings be to virtual events (like <<Paste>>) and then pick up the correct platform defaults that Tk picks out for you. Which is a very neat trick indeed!s
RBR - This one non-obvious idiom I've encountered using this code. If you want to stick in a place-holder menu item that is non-functional and you want it to be disabled (a la -state disabled), then you do not use -state disabled. Instead use -when 0. This is because mm update walks through it's list of variables and will enable all menus which do not have a -when clause.