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gold 20aug2020 Here are some calculations modeling planetary distances using the Titius-Bode Law. The Titius-Bode Law is primarily of historical interest. But the Titius-Bode is a good exercise in matching the available data.
Here are some calculations on Titius-Bode Law in TCL. The Titius-Bode Law makes simple assumptions and formulas to model planetary distances. As another accuracy issue, the measured Planetary Distances are identified as non-linear function(s) in the log plots. Reported different velocity estimates in the program and the numerous references involve different assumptions and formulas. In the code, after computing the Titius-Bode output as historical numbers, subsequent formulas are scaled, changed, and different assumptions are changed from the original Titius-Bode formulas.
There are some simple formulas modeling planetary distances using the Titius-Bode Law and other power laws. The Titius-Bode Law is primarily of historical interest. The Titius-Bode law estimated rough distances in Astronomical Units (AU) of Planets from the Sun by scaling powers of 2 in a power law, Johann Elert Bode, pub 1772. There are usually different number assignments for each planet in each formula scheme. The simplest formula number scheme is used here, starting with < Earth = 1... > from Titius-Bode. Although much more is known about planetary distances in modern times, an examination of the original Titius-Bode results gives some fodder for the theory of numerical analysis. The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences OEIS refers to the sequences A209257, A003461, and A131500. But the Titius-Bode and other power laws are a good exercise in matching the available data.
The TitiusâBode law estimated rough distances in Astronomical Units (AU) of Planets from the Sun by scaling powers of 2, Johann Elert Bode, pub 1772. Although much more known in modern times, an examination of the original TitiusâBode results in AU gives some fodder for the theory of the TCL calculator. For example, TitiusâBode law rated Earth as 1 AU from the Sun and predicted Mars as 1.6 AU. The Bode estimate for Mars was short of the true value 1.676 AU by 4.77 percent error. Using hand calculations, a similar value can be ginned up from the golden ratio, expr { $golden_ratio_constant / 1. } returns 1.618 AU rounded. The golden ratio method is still short of the Mars true distance by 3.6 percent error. Numerous excellent papers have used both the Fibonacci and the golden ratio constants methods to estimate planetary distances from the Sun. The Lombardi paper found the best fit to the Fibonacci constants used the scaling constant < K1 = 55.88 > to get E6 km prediction. Both the Fibonacci and Bode sequences have unassigned slots or skips, due to the Asteroid belt(s) and possible undiscovered bodies. The Asteroid Ceres is representative of Asteroid belt here, but was not known to Bode. Also, both Neptune and Pluto not known to Bode in 1772.
Here is an example of how the Fibonacci method might be used with < K1 = 55.88 > . Astronomer Mary Blagg in 1913 conjectured that if the transplutonian Planet X existed, it might be at ~68 AU from the Sun. The nearest Fibonacci constants are 233 and 377, and unassigned at that. Perhaps, expr { 0.349 * 233. } ;# 81.317 AU for Planet X? The interest in Planet X and the region of 80 AU is not original or new by any means. Schuette suggested a family of comets in the region of 80 AU aphelia, circa 1949. The perihelion of the object Sedna is around 76 AU, reported in 2004. The perihelion of the object 2012 VP is around 80 AU, reported in 2012.
With additional scale factors loaded in the deck, the TCL calculator could use the Fibonacci sequence to output the planetary distances in kilometers and AU. The scale factor for kilometers is 55.88 (*E6). Sample calculation for Planet X was expr { 233. * 55.88 } ;# returns rounded 13000 X 1E6 km The scale factor for AU is expr { 19.2 / 55. } ;# ratio of Uranus returns 0.349 AU/Fi.
In the horse race of fitting formulas, a least squares method was fit to the curve with some known initial points either with the first 6 planets or 9 planets, if Pluto or Ceres included. Other fits to the curve can be tried from an online curve fitter, using the least squares method. A Gaussian bell curve was not a good fit to the eyeball. The linear fit or stick fit was tried. The linear slope can be defined from simple points.
Candidate models of fit include 1) Weibull growth curve, 2) Ratkowsky Model, 3) power law and 4) exponential law, which appear winners of field with more than 208 entries for fitting functions. The fitting algorithm for points was available to double precision, E-14. But obviously, such precision was not necessary with the 3 significant figures in reported JPL measured data. Some calculations appear defaulted to single precision, E-7. The tabled chi results were from 208 equations of 2 parameters (2P) or 2 terms (t2), from the non-linear curve fit algorithm (NLCF). Undoubtedly, this computer task would be hundreds of man-hours in paper calculations, but done automatically on the computer in three seconds or less. Trig functions are trivial results in this search, but leaving available in table, in case results jog memory. Also, there was a really nice piecewise cubic spline fit for 9 planets, but not sure how to wrap in code. One can see how the power laws or doubling rules like the Titius-Bode formula are breaking down beyond Jupiter and Uranus. See figures 6 and 7.
For inclusion in the horse race of fitting formulas, the classic sigmoidal functions were estimated like the Weibull growth curve, Gompetrz growth curve, and Ratkowsky Model growth curve. For the raw Planet Distances, the online fitter reported that the std of measured X values was 3.022 and avg X value was 5.555. The std of measured Y values was 13.655 and avg Y value was 11.902. The Weibull growth curve < a - b*exp(-c*x**d)> had a standard error of 4.25E-01 and a correlation coefficient of 9.99E-01. The Ratkowsky Model had a standard error of 5.29E-01 and a correlation coefficient of 9.99E-01. The Gompertz growth curve standard error of 1.96E+00 and correlation coefficient of 9.93E-01. The Logistic Power function had an standard error of 8.07E-01 and a correlation coefficient of 9.98E-01. Of most interest for comparison with the historic Titius-Bode power law, the Modified Power function <y=a*C**x> had standard error of 2.01E+00 and a correlation coefficient of 9.91E-01.
The autofitter found a = 5.14E-01 and b = 1.55E+00 for the Modified Power function <y=a*C**x>, which was close to the Armellini formula for planetary distances. In 1921, G. Armellini suggested a planetary distance formula, equivalent to <y = 0.2792 x 1.53**n> . Other authors have suggested 1.73 or, 1.842, for the C term in a planetary distance power function <y=a*b**x>. The Modified Power function error is at 5 percent of the Y axis, which is at the non-significant borderline level generally cited. The Weibull growth curve should fit the Y axis with a 1 percent error. In these growth functions, the Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm was used with double precision C's.
For fitting power law formulas to the measured data, Mercury, Neptune, and Pluto are outlier points. Ceres and Uranus from the measured data appear on the middle portion in the log chart of the measured data. The linear appearance of the middle portion feature is suitable for using power law formulas. The TCL calculator uses planet assignment numbers from 1 to 10, including the Pluto dwarf planet and the Ceres asteriod.
For the push buttons, the recommended procedure is push testcase and fill frame, change first three entries etc, push solve, and then push report. Report allows copy and paste from console. For testcases in a computer session, the eTCL calculator increments a new testcase number internally, eg. TC(1), TC(2) , TC(3) , TC(N). The testcase number is internal to the calculator and will not be printed until the report button is pushed for the current result numbers. The current result numbers will be cleared either on the next clear button or on the next solve button. All results will be lost on program exit, unless the report text is saved from the report screen on console.
In the horse race of fitting formulas, a least squares method was fit to the curve with some known initial points either with the first 6 planets or 9 planets, if Pluto or Ceres included. Other fits to the curve can be tried from an online curve fitter, using the least squares method. Candidate models of fit include 1) Weibull growth curve, 2) Ratkowsky Model, 3) power law and 4) exponential law, which appear winners of field with more than 208 entries for fitting functions. The tabled chi results were from 208 equations of 2 parameters (2P) or 2 terms (t2), from the non-linear curve fit algorithm (NLCF). Undoubtedly, this computer task would be hundreds of man-hours in paper calculations, but done automatically on the computer in three seconds or less.In the code, after computing the Titius-Bode output as historical numbers, subsequent formulas are scaled, changed, and different assumptions are changed from the original Titius-Bode formulas.
The set of measured planet distances is a non-linear function, which possibly should be modeled in three sections. From the log plots, there appears to be a sine wave or sigmoidal growth function component in the measured planet distances, meaning non-linear S-curve in slang. Again from the log plots, one can see how the power laws or doubling rules like the Titius-Bode formula are breaking down beyond Jupiter and Uranus. The Ragnarsson paper in 1994 showed fair results in modeling Jupiter and the outer planets as a separate section.
Table : Est. Distance of Planets from Fibonacci and Bode Rules | printed in tcl wiki format | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sources >> | JPL | JPL | Fibonacci constants | Lombardi Paper | Lombardi Paper | Wikipedia | Wikipedia | comments |
quantity | real measured AU, semi_major axis | real measured 10E6 km, semi_major axis | Fibonacci constants | Fibonacci * 55.88, 10E6 km Prediction | Titius-Bode number | Titius-Bode AU Prediction | Real Measured AU , semi_major axis | comments, if any |
Sun | 0 | 0 | Sun not assigned value in Fibonacci and Bode Rules | |||||
Mercury | 0.39 | 57.9 | 1 | 55.8 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.39 | |
Venus | 0.723 | 108.2 | 2 | 111.6 | 7 | 0.7 | 0.72 | |
Earth | 1 | 149.6 | 3 | 167.4 | 10 | 1 | 1 | Earth assigned unit 1 AU in Bode Rules |
Mars | 1.524 | 227.9 | 5 | 279 | 16 | 1.6 | 1.52 | |
Ceres | 2.767 | 265.3 | 8 | 446.4 | 28 | 2.8 | 2.77 | Asteroid belt |
Jupiter | 5.203 | 778.3 | 13 | 725.4 | 52 | 5.2 | 5.2 | |
Jupiter clearance belt | 21 | 1171.8 | Jupiter clearance belt | |||||
Saturn | 9.539 | 1427 | 34 | 1897.2 | 100 | 10 | 9.55 | |
Uranus | 19.18 | 2871 | 55 | 3069 | 196 | 19.6 | 19.22 | |
Neptune | 30.07 | 4497.1 | 89? | 4966.2 | 388? | 38.8? | 30.11 | Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto. Confusing references. |
Pluto (avg) | 39.482 | 5906.38 | 144? | 8035.2? | 772? | 77.20? | 39.54 | Pluto is not considered a planet, currently. Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto. Confusing references. |
Note | several sources | Wikipedia | Jpl | Lombardi Paper | ||||
Note | Neptune, Pluto, & Ceres were not known to Bode | |||||||
Note | Ceres representative of Asteroid belt here | |||||||
Note | Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto, confusing references | Opinion: Bode Number assignment for N&P uncertain here. |
In planning any software, it is advisable to gather a number of testcases to check the results of the program.
Testcase 1 | printed in tcl wiki format | ||
---|---|---|---|
1: | testcase_number | ||
1. : | method number, 1 = Bode | ||
1772. : | reference year CE : | ||
value AU | quantity | distance E6 km | comment, if any |
0.400 : | Mercury : | 22.32 | Bodes Law breaks down for Mercury |
0.700 : | Venus : | 39.059 | |
1.00 : | Earth : | 55.79 | Earth set to one in Bodes Law |
1.60 : | Mars : | 89.280 | |
5.20 : | Jupiter : : | 290.159 | |
10.0 : | Saturn : | 558.0 | |
19.6 : | Uranus : | 1093.68 | |
38.8 : | Neptune : | 2165.039 | Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto. |
77.2 : | Pluto : | 4307.76 | Pluto is not considered a planet, currently. Bodes Law breaks down for Neptune and Pluto. |
154. : | extra slot, unk planet? : | 8593.19 | |
2.80 : | Ceres : | 156.23 | represents Asteroid belt here |
Console wrapper for solution proc *************************** *************************** scaled_results 0.000001 1. 0.400 0.700 1.00 1.60 5.20 10.0 19.6 38.8
Power law curve fit in red line Power law parameter a=0.182490688 b=2.104691172 Power law y=aâ xb=0.182490688â x2.104691172 Standard deviation Ï=7.340978516 e-function curve fit in green line Parameter of the fitted e-function a=0.535853432 b=0.218240397 The e-Function f(x)=bâ eaâ x=0.218240397â e0.535853432â x Standard deviation Ï=17.056378115
Caption outline on plots. distance curve Leaves straight line middle portion appears Linear on log plot, Which is feature suitable For using power law formulas Mercury is outlier On measured data Distance curve Leaves straight le Neptune and pluto are Outliers on measured data Ceres and uranus appear Linear on middle log portion Titius-Bode output for predicted distances tcl club Planet number including Pluto and Ceres Distance curve Leaves straight line Distance curve Leaves straight line Middle portion appears Linear on log plot, Which is feature suitable For using power law formulas Mercury is outlier On titius-bode law Distance curve Leaves straight le Neptune and pluto are Outliers on titius-bode law Ceres and uranus appear Linear on middle log portion {distances for planets and objects on log plot } Tcl club } Planet number including Pluto and Ceres
;# pretty print from autoindent and ased editor occurrence ;# Planetary Distances Using Titius-Bodes Law V2 calculator ;# written on Windows 10 ;# working under TCL version 8.6 ;# gold on TCL Club, 10jul2021 package require Tk package require math::numtheory namespace path {::tcl::mathop ::tcl::mathfunc math::numtheory } set tcl_precision 17 frame .frame -relief flat -bg aquamarine4 pack .frame -side top -fill y -anchor center set names {{} { method number, 1 = Bode :} } lappend names {reference year CE: } lappend names {answers: Mercury : } lappend names { Venus : } lappend names { Earth : } lappend names { Mars : } lappend names { Jupiter : } lappend names { Saturn : } lappend names { Uranus : } foreach i {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9} { label .frame.label$i -text [lindex $names $i] -anchor e entry .frame.entry$i -width 35 -textvariable side$i grid .frame.label$i .frame.entry$i -sticky ew -pady 2 -padx 1 } proc about {} { set msg "Calculator for Planetary Distances Using Titius-Bodes Law V2 from TCL WIKI, written on TCL 8.6 " tk_messageBox -title "About" -message $msg } proc self_help {} { set msg "Calculator for Planetary Distances Using Titius-Bodes Law V2 from TCL , ;# self help listing ;# 1 given follow. 1) method N1 2) Reference year ;# This calculator uses the Titius-Bodes Law ;# to predict Planetary Distances in AU. ;# For comparison, TCL code may include redundant paths & formulas. ;# The TCL calculator normally uses modern ;# units for convenience to modern users and textbooks. ;# Any convenient and consistent in/output units might be used ;# like inches, feet, nindas, cubits, or dollars to donuts. ;# Recommended procedure is push testcase and fill frame, ;# change first three entries etc, push solve, ;# and then push report. Report allows copy and paste ;# from console to conventional texteditor. For testcases ;# testcase number is internal to the calculator and ;# will not be printed until the report button is pushed ;# for the current result numbers. ;# Use one line errorx proc to estimate percent errors. ;# errorx proc is used in the report window (console). ;# Additional significant figures are used to check ;# the TCL program, not to infer the accuracy ;# of inputs and product reports. Conventional text editor formulas or grabbed from internet screens can be pasted into green report console. Try copy and paste following into green screen console set answer \[* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. \] returns 120 ;# gold on TCL Club, 10jul2021 " tk_messageBox -title "self_help" -message $msg } proc precisionx {precision float} { ;# tcl:wiki:Floating-point formatting, <AM> ;# select numbers only, not used on every number. set x [ expr {round( 10 ** $precision * $float) / (10.0 ** $precision)} ] ;# rounded or clipped to nearest 5ird significant figure set x [ format "%#.3g" $x ] return $x } ;# Use one line errorx proc to estimate percent errors ;# errorx proc is used in the report window (console) proc errorx {aa bb} {expr { $aa > $bb ? (($aa*1.)/$bb -1.)*100. : (($bb*1.)/$aa -1.)*100.}} proc titius_bode_law {aa } {expr { (4. + 3 * 2**$aa)*.1 } } proc calculate { } { global answer2 global side1 side2 side3 side4 side5 global side6 side7 side8 side9 k1 global side10 side11 side12 side13 global testcase_number incr testcase_number ;# scaling constant K1 set k1 55.8 set side3 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law -1]] set side4 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 0]] set side5 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 1]] set side6 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 2]] set side7 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 4]] set side8 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 5]] set side9 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 6]] set side10 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 7]] ;# Neptune set side11 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 8]] ;# Pluto set side12 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 9]] ;# extra Bode slot, unk planet? set side13 [precisionx 2 [ titius_bode_law 3]] ;# Ceres set scaled_results [list 0.000001 $side1 $side3 $side4 $side5 $side6 $side7 $side8 $side9 $side10] puts " scaled_results $scaled_results " } proc fillup {aa bb cc dd ee ff gg hh ii} { .frame.entry1 insert 0 "$aa" .frame.entry2 insert 0 "$bb" .frame.entry3 insert 0 "$cc" .frame.entry4 insert 0 "$dd" .frame.entry5 insert 0 "$ee" .frame.entry6 insert 0 "$ff" .frame.entry7 insert 0 "$gg" .frame.entry8 insert 0 "$hh" .frame.entry9 insert 0 "$ii" } proc clearx {} { foreach i {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 } { .frame.entry$i delete 0 end } } proc reportx {} { global side1 side2 side3 side4 side5 global side6 side7 side8 side9 k1 global side10 side11 side12 side13 global testcase_number console show; puts "%|table $testcase_number| || printed in tcl wiki format|% " puts "&| $testcase_number:|testcase_number || |&" puts "&| $side1 :|method number, 1 = Bode | | |&" puts "&| $side2 :|reference year CE : | | |& " puts "&| value AU |quantity |distance E6 km | comment, if any|& " puts "&| $side3 :| Mercury : |[* $side3 $k1 ] | |& " puts "&| $side4 :| Venus : |[* $side4 $k1 ] | |& " puts "&| $side5 :| Earth : |[* $side5 $k1 ] | |&" puts "&| $side6 :| Mars : |[* $side6 $k1 ] | |&" puts "&| $side7 :| Jupiter : : |[* $side7 $k1 ] | |&" puts "&| $side8 :| Saturn : | [* $side8 $k1 ]| |&" puts "&| $side9 :| Uranus : | [* $side9 $k1 ] | |&" puts "&| $side10 :| Neptune : | [* $side10 $k1 ] | |&" puts "&| $side11 :| Pluto : | [* $side11 $k1 ] | |&" puts "&| $side12 :| extra slot, unk planet? : | [* $side12 $k1 ] | |&" puts "&| $side13 :| Ceres : | [* $side13 $k1 ] | |&" } frame .buttons -bg aquamarine4 ::ttk::button .calculator -text "Solve" -command { calculate } ::ttk::button .test2 -text "Testcase1" -command {clearx;fillup 1. 1772. 0.40 0.70 1.0 1.6 5.2 10. 19.6} ::ttk::button .test3 -text "Testcase2" -command {clearx;fillup 1. 1772. 0.40 0.70 1.0 1.6 5.2 10. 19.6} ::ttk::button .test4 -text "Testcase3" -command {clearx;fillup 1. 1772. 0.40 0.70 1.0 1.6 5.2 10. 19.6} ::ttk::button .clearallx -text clear -command {clearx } ::ttk::button .about -text about -command {about} ::ttk::button .self_help -text self_help -command {self_help } ::ttk::button .cons -text report -command { reportx } ::ttk::button .exit -text exit -command {exit} pack .calculator -in .buttons -side top -padx 10 -pady 5 pack .clearallx .cons .self_help .about .exit .test4 .test3 .test2 -side bottom -in .buttons grid .frame .buttons -sticky ns -pady {0 10} . configure -background aquamarine4 -highlightcolor brown -relief raised -border 30 wm title . " Planetary Distances Using Titius-Bodes Law V2" # end of working deck # add cosmetics below to bottom of file console eval {.console config -bg palegreen} console eval {.console config -font {fixed 20 bold}} console eval {wm geometry . 40x20} console eval {wm title . " Report for Planetary Distances Using Titius-Bodes Law V2 "} console eval {. configure -background orange -highlightcolor brown -relief raised -border 30} puts " Console wrapper for solution proc" puts " ***************************" puts " ***************************"
2 tiered formula from Sven-Ingmar Ragnarsson, 1994 expr { 2.825/5 } ;# 0.565 Mercury badly off expr { 2.825/4 } ;# 0.70625 Venus expr { 2.825/3 } ;# 0.9416 Earth expr { 2.825/2 } ;# 1.412 Mars expr { 2.825/1 } ;# 2.825 Ceres expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**0) } ;# 5.203 Jupiter expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**1) } ;# 9.584 Saturn expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**2) } ;# 17.653 Uranus expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**3) } ;# 32.51875 Neptune? badly off expr { 5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**4) } ;# 59.9 ? PLuto? badly off
;# for starting the adventure to infinity and beyond. ;# Titius-Bode set < Earth = 1 ... > as number assignment scheme for planets ;# The Asteriod Ceres is included on most number assignment schemes ;# Ceres represents the Asteriod belt between Mars and Jupiter. ;# The dwarf planet Pluto is included on most number assignment schemes. proc titius_bode_law_1772 {aa } {expr { (4. + 3 * 2**$aa)*.1 } } ;# ;# $nn=l for Earth,2,... ;# Other planet number schemes are for power laws are available here, < Mercury = 1 ...> ;# from Gaussin (1880) and Armellini (1921) proc gaussin_formula_1880 {nn} {expr {0.2099 * (1.7226 ** $nn)} } ;# $nn=l for Mercury,2,...9 proc armellini_formula_1921 {nn} {expr {0.283 * (1.53 ** $nn)} } ;# $nn=l for Mercury,2,...11 ;# very interesting, Nicolini transformed planet number scheme in Titius_Bode ;# to < Mercury = 1 ...>, refer to Nicolini proc nicolini_formula_1957 {nn} {expr {0.4 + 0.075 * (2. ** $nn)} } ;# $nn=l for Mercury,2,... proc basano_hughes_formula_1979 {nn} {expr {0.285 * (1.523 ** $nn)} } ;# $nn=l for Mercury, 2,... ;# Sven-Ingmar Ragnarsson, 1994, modeled Jupiter and the outer planets to Uranus, separately. ;# See the Ragnarsson paper, setting these planet assignment numbers is tricky. ;# $nn=0 for Jupiter, 2 = Saturn, 3 = Uranus .... proc ragnarsson_formula_1979 {nn} {expr {5.203*(((5./2.)**(2./3.))**$nn) )} } ;# $nn=0 for Jupiter, 2 = Saturn,... proc list_integers { aa bb} { for {set i 1} {$i<=$bb} {incr i} {lappend boo [* 1. $i ] [* $i 1.]};return $boo} ;# usage, list_integers 1 10 ;# set answer_list_integers = [list 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 ] proc list_titius_bode { aa bb} { for {set i 1} {$i<=$bb} {incr i} {lappend boo [* 1. $i ] [expr { (4. + 3. * 2**$i)*.1}]};if {$i > $bb} {return $boo}} ;# Usage list_titius_bode 1 6 ;# set answer [ list 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.6 3.0 2.8 4.0 5.2 5.0 10.0 6.0 19.6] proc list_gaussin_formula { aa bb} { for {set ii 1} {$ii<=$bb} {incr ii} {lappend boo [* 1. $ii ] [expr {0.2099 * (1.7226 ** $ii)} ]};if {$ii > $bb} {return $boo}} ;# Usage list_gaussin_formula 1 6 ;# set answer_gaussin [ list 1.0 0.36 2.0 0.62 3.0 1.07 4.0 1.84 5.0 3.18 6.0 5.48 ] proc list_armellini_formula { aa bb} { for {set ii 1} {$ii<=$bb} {incr ii} {lappend boo [* 1. $ii ] [expr {0.283 * (1.53 ** $ii)}]};if {$ii > $bb} {return $boo}} ;# Usage list_armellini_formula 1 7 ;# set answer_armellini [ 1.0 0.43 2.0 0.66 3.0 1.013 4.0 1.55 5.0 2.37 6.0 3.63 7.0 5.55 ]
1 0.39 2 0.723 3 1. 4 1.524 6 5.203 7 9.539 8 19.18 9 30.07 10 39.482