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Here are TCL calculations on the Random Walk equation for stock market yields over years. The calculator for the random walk equation does not return a consistent fixed value from fixed constants, but does return a random value within the limits of its assumptions. Hence, the random walk calculator can be used to test expected gains and losses over an average of years or trials over time. The calculator will only work with integral years, as most of the returns are rated annually in the press. Essentially, in three years one can lose one's shirt, in 12 years one should either break even or gain or lose another shirt.
The variable of total years (entry 7) is truncated or clipped to an integer for internal use inside the for procedure. For typical usage in stocks, removing the truncation would introduce a 10 to 20 percent error in the for procedure. But leaving the total years alone or non-truncation of total years as a real variable might be acceptable, fudged, or counter-scaled in some applications. Counter-scaling means taking the average result for integral total years and multiply by { total years in real variable } over { total years in truncation }. However, this issue was left out of the published calculator as "tricky code".
As as alternate way of using the calculator code and testing the concept, the monthly rates for good, normal, and bad months may loaded and the time period might be 8 months, 25 months, etc. For a monthly rate, one would divide some yearly rates by 12 months. With TCL procs in place, one could adapt a second (and copied!) calculation proc to divide the year rate by 12, compute the time as decimal years times 12, and then report total yield, converting months back into years.
In the testcases loaded in the calculator, the rates were set in a balanced hierarchy. The balanced hierarchy was {bad year rate} << {normal year rate } << {good year rate } or values -10X<<+5X<<+10X in triple ratio. This calculator is very flexible and the user might choose an unbalanced hierarchy. For example, a bad year might be the low positive rate for goverment or corporate notes with normal and good years in the stock market as values +2X<<+5X<<+10X. The experience of mankind has found that one year of bad luck can cancel seven years of good luck. So a philosopher or cynic might set an unbalanced hierarchy as values -7X<<+1X<<+2X, ref Joseph the Hebrew from the Bible. The user and taxpayer might find that the governments tax gains far more than reward losses, so an unbalanced hierarchy of values might be useful as values -10X<<+1X<<+7X, closer to the actual user taxes. The real benefit of the random walk equation is not measuring or predicting exact loss and gain for the user. A calculator of random rates can not solve exact loss and gain. But the use of the random walk equation allows the user to have a more realistic expection of possible losses and gains.
For the push buttons in the TCL calculator, the recommended procedure is push testcase and fill frame, change first three entries etc, push solve, and then push report. Report allows copy and paste from console to conventional texteditor. For testcases in a computer session, the TCL calculator increments a new testcase number internally, eg. TC(1), TC(2) , TC(3) , TC(N). The testcase number is internal to the calculator and will not be printed until the report button is pushed for the current result numbers. The current result numbers should be cleared either on the clear button or on the next solve button.
The concepts of random yield are fairly simple and may be adapted to other cumulative effects like centimeters of rainfall over years, sand dune accumulation in feet over decades, crop yield in bushels over years, or even horseraces with handicaps. The calculator was written for stock yield and integer years, but any consistent time interval could be used like days, months, quarter years, decades, or centuries could be used.
table 1 | printed in | tcl format |
---|---|---|
quantity | value | comment, if any |
testcase number | 1 | |
good year rate: | 10. | |
1 in chance: | .333 | |
normal year rate: | 5. | |
1 in chance : | .333 | |
bad year rate: | -10. | |
1 in chance: | .333 | |
1 to N years : | 1 | |
answer >> total random yield over N years : | 0.100 |
table | printed in | tcl format |
---|---|---|
quantity | value | comment, if any |
testcase number | 2 | |
good year rate: | 10. | |
1 in chance: | .333 | |
normal year rate: | 5. | |
1 in chance : | .333 | |
bad year rate: | -10. | |
1 in chance: | .333 | |
1 to N years : | 7 | |
answer >> total random yield over N years : | 1. |
table 3 | printed in | tcl format |
---|---|---|
quantity | value | comment, if any |
testcase number | 3 | |
good year rate: | 10. | |
1 in chance: | .333 | |
normal year rate: | 5. | |
1 in chance : | .333 | |
bad year rate: | -10. | |
1 in chance: | .333 | |
1 to N years : | 8 | |
answer >> total random yield over N years : | 1. |
more than one formula for 1) tables and 2) calculator shell Pseudocode Section pseudocode:Random walk equation year rate = good year rate * term chance(1 in n) plus normal year rate * term chance(1 in n) plus bad year rate * term chance(1 in n) plus place holder to keep from all zeroed terms pseudocode: set chance terms initially to zero until activated. pseudocode: if rand() < $side2 , set term1 1 pseudocode: if no chance terms fire, year of zero interest will result. pseudocode: if chance<(1 in n) terms fire, year of calc. interest will result. pseudocode: not all terms will fire on every period of time. pseudocode: good/norm/bad years loaded as $side1,$side2,$side3 from form. current = .01*$side1*$term1+.01*$side3*$term2+.01*$side5*$term3+.00000000001 } ] pseudocode: add $current sum of terms for 1 to N years in for loop pseudocode: and divide by N years from int($side7) in formula. pseudocode: effectively published answer is average pseudocode: answer = { year 1+ year 2+ year3 ...Year N } / int(total_years) pseudocode: the unpublished counter-scaled answer would be effective average pseudocode: {{ year 1+ year 2+ year3 ...Year N } / int(total_years)} * {(total_years)/(int(total_years))} pseudocode: load results into answer fields
# TCL source code follows # pretty print from autoindentation and ased editor # random walk equation V2 # written on Windows XP on TCL # working under TCL version 8.6 # gold on TCL club, 2Dec2018 package require Tk frame .frame -relief flat -bg aquamarine4 pack .frame -side top -fill y -anchor center foreach {i name} { 1 {good year rate:} 2 {1 in chance:} 3 {normal year rate} 4 {1 in chance:} 5 {bad year rate:} 6 {1 in chance} 7 {1 to N years:} 8 { answer >> total random yield over N years :} } { label .frame.label$i -text $name -anchor e entry .frame.entry$i -width 35 -textvariable side$i grid .frame.label$i .frame.entry$i -sticky ew -pady 2 -padx 1 } proc about {} { set msg "Calculator for Random Walk Equation V2. from TCL " tk_messageBox -title "About" -message $msg } proc self_help {} { set msg "Random Walk Equation Calculator V2 from TCL , # self help listing # problem, Random Walk equation for stock market yields over years. # Sum accumulation of good, normal, and bad rate conditions # (ref stock fund yields) # over time interval of integral years. # 7 givens follow. 1) good year rate 2) 1 in chance 3) normal year rate 4) 1 in chance 5) bad year rate 6) 1 in chance 7) 1 to N years The random walk equation does not return a consistent fixed value from fixed constants, but does return a random value within the limits of equation assumptions and constraints. The calculator was written for stock yield and integer years, but any consistent time interval could be used like days, months, quarter years, decades, or centuries could be used. The concepts of random yield are fairly simple and may be adapted to other cumulative effects like centimeters of rainfall over years, sand dune accumulation in feet over decades, crop yield in bushels over years, or even horseraces with handicaps. The variable of total years (entry 7) is truncated or clipped to an integer for use inside the for procedure. # Recommended procedure is push testcase and fill frame, # change first three entries etc, push solve, # and then push report. Report allows copy and paste # from console to conventional texteditor. For testcases # testcase number is internal to the calculator and # will not be printed until the report button is pushed # for the current result numbers. # >>> copyright notice <<< # This posting, screenshots, and TCL source code is # copyrighted under the TCL/TK license terms. # Editorial rights and disclaimers # retained under the TCL/TK license terms # and will be defended as necessary in court. Conventional text editor formulas or grabbed from internet screens can be pasted into green console. # gold on TCL Club, 2Dec2018 " tk_messageBox -title "Self_Help" -message $msg } proc intelligent5 { xx1 } { global side1 side2 side3 global side4 side5 side6 side7 side8 set term1 0 set term2 0 set term3 0 set current 0 set chance1 [expr {1./$side2 }] set totyears [expr {int($side7) }] for {set i 0;} {$i<$totyears} {incr i} { if { [ expr { rand() } ] <= $side2 } {set term1 1 } if { [ expr { rand() } ] <= $side4 } {set term2 1 } if { [ expr { rand() } ] <= $side6 } {set term3 1 } set current [ expr { ($current*1.) +.01*$side1*$term1+.01*$side3*$term2+.01*$side5*$term3+.00000000001 } ] } set side7 $totyears set side8 [expr {($current*1.)/$totyears }] if { [ expr { abs($side8) } ] <= .0001 } {set side8 0 } return $side8 } proc calculate { } { global answer2 testcase_number global side1 side2 side3 side4 side5 side6 side7 side8 incr testcase_number set answer2 5 set answer2 [ intelligent5 $side8 ] set side8 $answer2 } proc fillup {aa bb cc dd ee ff gg hh} { .frame.entry1 insert 0 "$aa" .frame.entry2 insert 0 "$bb" .frame.entry3 insert 0 "$cc" .frame.entry4 insert 0 "$dd" .frame.entry5 insert 0 "$ee" .frame.entry6 insert 0 "$ff " .frame.entry7 insert 0 "$gg " .frame.entry8 insert 0 "$hh " } proc clearx {} { foreach i {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8} { .frame.entry$i delete 0 end } } proc reportx {} { global side1 side2 side3 side4 side5 side6 side7 side8 global testcase_number console show; console eval {.console config -bg palegreen} console eval {.console config -font {fixed 20 bold}} console eval {wm geometry . 40x20} console eval {wm title . "Random Walk Equation Report, cut and paste from console 2"} console eval {. configure -background orange -highlightcolor brown -relief raised -border 30} puts "%| table $testcase_number |printed in| tcl format|% " puts "&| quantity| value| comment, if any|& " puts "&| testcase number| $testcase_number||& " puts "&| good year rate:| $side1 ||&" puts "&| 1 in chance:| $side2||& " puts "&| normal year rate:| $side3||& " puts "&| 1 in chance :| $side4 ||&" puts "&| bad year rate:| $side5||& " puts "&| 1 in chance:| $side6 ||&" puts "&| 1 to N years :| $side7 ||&" puts "&| answer >> total random yield over N years :| $side8 ||&" } frame .buttons -bg aquamarine4 ::ttk::button .calculator -text "Solve" -command { calculate } ::ttk::button .test2 -text "Testcase1" -command {clearx;fillup 10. .333 5. .333 -10. .333 1. 1.} ::ttk::button .test3 -text "Testcase2" -command {clearx;fillup 10. .333 5. .333 -10. .333 7.7 1. } ::ttk::button .test4 -text "Testcase3" -command {clearx;fillup 10. .333 5. .333 -10. .333 8.5 1. } ::ttk::button .clearallx -text clear -command {clearx } ::ttk::button .about -text about -command about ::ttk::button .self_help -text self_help -command { self_help } ::ttk::button .cons -text report -command { reportx } ::ttk::button .exit -text exit -command {exit} pack .calculator -in .buttons -side top -padx 10 -pady 5 pack .clearallx .cons .self_help .about .exit .test4 .test3 .test2 -side bottom -in .buttons grid .frame .buttons -sticky ns -pady {0 10} . configure -background aquamarine4 -highlightcolor brown -relief raised -border 30 wm title . "Random Walk Equation Calculator V2"
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