Version 4 of pi

Updated 2003-09-27 20:27:12

atan provides a handy way to ask Tcl for the value of pi:

 % expr {atan(1) * 4}
 3.1415926535897931

MGS Actually, using acos() is (slightly) more efficient:

 % set tcl_precision 17
 17
 % expr {acos(-1)}
 3.1415926535897931

Does anyone have any data on which method is preferable from a numerical point of view?

IDG Both contain the assumption that the transcendental functions are accurate to the last ulp. In many math libraries this is not so. I think you are safer with a string representation:

 set pi 3.1415926535897931

GS (030927) Here is a small program ables to compute 2400 digits of pi:

 # pi-2400.tcl 
 # 2400 digits of pi with a spigot algorithm

 set e 0
 for {set b 0} {$b <= 8400} {incr b} {set f($b) 2000}
 for {set c 8400} {$c > 0} {incr c -14} {
    set d 0
    for {set b $c} {$b > 0} {incr b -1} {
       set g [expr 2*$b -1]
       set d [expr ($d*$b) + ($f($b)*10000)]
       set f($b) [expr round([expr fmod($d,$g)])]
       set d [expr $d/$g]
    }
    puts -nonewline [format "%.4i" [expr $e+($d/10000)]]
    flush stdout
    set e [expr round([expr fmod($d,10000)])]
 }  

It uses a spigot algorithm. More details in A spigot algorithm for the digits of pi, Stanley Rabinowitz and Stan Wagon, American Mathematical Monthly, March 1995, pp195-203.

MGS [2003/09/27] - Here's a more efficient version:

 set e 0
 for {set b 0} {$b <= 8400} {incr b} {set f($b) 2000}
 for {set c 8400} {$c > 0} {incr c -14} {
    set d 0
    for {set b $c} {$b > 0} {incr b -1} {
       set g [expr {2 * $b - 1}]
       set d [expr {($d*$b) + ($f($b)*10000)}]
       set f($b) [expr {round(fmod($d,$g))}]
       set d [expr {$d / $g}]
    }
    puts -nonewline [format "%.4i" [expr {$e+($d/10000)}]]
    flush stdout
    set e [expr {round(fmod($d,10000))}]
 }

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Math function help - Arts and Crafts of Tcl-Tk Programming - Category Mathematics